| 引用本文: | 段伟娜,徐家屯,曹玉鑫,等.夏玉米不同生育期亏缺-复水对蒸发蒸腾和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| DUAN Weina,XU Jiatun,CAO Yuxin,et al.夏玉米不同生育期亏缺-复水对蒸发蒸腾和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同时间尺度下夏玉米蒸发蒸腾量的变化规律，为优化其灌溉制度提供理论依据。【方法】试验在夏玉米3个生育阶段（出苗―拔节期、拔节―抽雄期、抽雄―灌浆期）分别设置3个灌水水平（充分灌溉：100%ET；中度水分亏缺：80%ET；重度水分亏缺：60%ET），其中ET为蒸渗仪实测的充分灌溉条件下的蒸发蒸腾量，共9个处理，分别为CK（充分灌溉）、T1（拔节―灌浆期中度亏缺）、T2（拔节―灌浆期重度亏缺）、T3（出苗―拔节期和抽雄―灌浆期中度亏缺）、T4（出苗―抽雄期中度亏缺，抽雄―灌浆期重度亏缺）、T5（出苗―拔节期中度亏缺，拔节―抽雄期重度亏缺）、T6（出苗―拔节期和抽雄―灌浆期重度亏缺）、T7（出苗―拔节期重度亏缺，拔节―抽雄期中度亏缺）、T8（出苗―抽雄期重度亏缺，抽雄―灌浆期中度亏缺），研究了不同生育期亏缺-复水对夏玉米不同时间尺度蒸发蒸腾量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比，不同亏缺灌溉处理下夏玉米蒸发蒸散量均有所减少。T3处理复水后蒸发蒸腾量基本可以恢复至正常水平，而T5、T6和T7处理复水后均未恢复至正常水平。抽雄―灌浆期土壤含水率应保持在75％田间持水率以上，土壤含水率低于50％田间持水率时，夏玉米将停止生长。不同亏缺灌溉处理的产量相较于CK减少5.85%～32.25%，其中T3处理比CK处减少5.85%，且T3处理水分利用效率最高（2.81 kg/m3），相较于CK增加4.07%。【结论】在苗期实施中度水分亏缺，拔节―抽雄期充分灌溉，可以提高夏玉米的水分利用效率，同时不造成产量的显著减少。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米;蒸发蒸腾;亏缺-复水;产量;水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S161.4 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51879223)；国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400201) |
|
| Effects of Deficit - Rehydration on Evapotranspiration and Yield of Summer Maize at Different Growth Stages |
|
DUAN Weina1,2, XU Jiatun1,2, CAO Yuxin1,2, PENG Xiongbiao1,2, CAI Huanjie1,2
|
|
1.Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&2.F University
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Exploring the variation of summer maize evapotranspiration under different time scales can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing its irrigation system. 【Method】Three irrigation levels (full irrigation: 100%ET; Moderate water deficit: 80%ET; Severe water deficit: 60%ET) were set at three growth stages of summer maize (emergence to jointing stage, jointing to tasseling stage, tasseling to filling stage), where ET is the evapotranspiration measured by the lysimeter under sufficient irrigation conditions. A total of 9 treatments were CK (full irrigation), T1 (moderate deficit from jointing to filling stage), T2 (severe deficit from jointing to filling stage), T3 (moderate deficit from emergence to jointing stage and tasseling to filling stage), T4 (moderate deficit from emergence to tasseling stage and severe deficit from tasseling to filling stage), T5 (moderate deficit from emergence to jointing stage and severe deficit from jointing to tasseling stage), T6 (severe deficit from emergence to jointing stage and tasseling to filling stage), T7 (severe deficit from emergence to jointing stage and moderate deficit from jointing to tasseling stage), T8 (severe deficit from emergence to tasseling stage and moderate deficit from tasseling to filling stage). The effects of deficit-rewatering at different growth stages of summer maize on evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency at different time scales were studied. 【Result】Compared with CK, evapotranspiration of summer maize under different treatments decreased. The evapotranspiration of T3 treatment after rewatering could basically recover to normal level, while those of T5, T6 and T7 treatment after rewatering did not recover to normal level. During tasseling to filling stage, the soil moisture content should be maintained above 75% of the field capacity. When the soil moisture content is lower than 50% of the field capacity, the summer maize will stop growing. The yield of different treatments were 5.85%～32.25% lower than that of CK, in which the yield of T3 treatment was 5.85% lower than that of CK treatment, and the water use efficiency of T3 treatment was the highest (2.81 kg/m3), which was 4.07% higher than that of CK treatment.【Conclusion】Moderate water deficit at seedling stage and full irrigation from jointing to tasseling stage can improve water use efficiency of summer maize without significantly reducing yield. |
| Key words: summer maize; evaportranspiration; deficit - rehydration; yield; water use efficiency |
