| 引用本文: | 杨丞,陈艺周,马世浩,等.土壤含水量对水稻耗水特性及生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| YangCheng,ChenYiZhou,MaShiHao,et al.土壤含水量对水稻耗水特性及生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 土壤含水量对水稻耗水特性及生长发育的影响 |
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杨丞1, 陈艺周1, 马世浩1, 王贵兵1, 张赓2, 李小坤1
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1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院;2.全国农业技术推广服务中心
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明水稻水分高效利用及生长发育的适宜土壤含水量。【方法】本研究采用盆栽试验的方法，设置了土壤含水量90%以上（W1，对照）、75%~90%（W2）、60%~75%（W3）和45~60%（W4）共4个土壤水分处理，探究土壤含水量对水稻耗水量、耗水强度、生物量、产量、水分利用效率以及叶片生理状况的影响。【结果】与W1相比，W2、W3和W4的全生育期耗水量分别减少32.4%、58.7%和69.9%；全生育期的耗水强度分别降低32.4%、61.5%和73.5%；生物量分别降低12.4%、63.9%和82.7%；籽粒产量分别降低13.2%、71.7%和92.0%；W2的水分利用效率提高24.5%，而W3和W4的水分利用效率分别降低36.0%和74.7%；株高分别降低4.1%、16.9%和21.6%；根系伤流速度分别降低32.7%、92.5%和92.8%；叶面积分别降低19.4%、45.0%和75.6%；相对含水量分别降低1.1%、8.2%和13.7%；比叶重分别提高5.4%、34.3%和59.4%；SPAD值分别提高9.1%、18.8%和17.2%；可溶性糖含量分别提高8.0%、16.4%和22.5%；脯氨酸含量分别提高39.9%、202.0%和392.6%；W2的气叶温差提高4.5%，而W3和W4的气叶温差分别降低53.3%和77.1%。【结论】从水分高效利用和保障水稻正常生长发育的角度综合考虑，土壤含水量75%~90%可在保证较高的水稻产量前提下，提高水分利用效率，减少水资源的消耗，具有较好的推广应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 土壤含水量;水分亏缺;水稻;耗水特性;水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S365，S511 |
| 基金项目:湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目(2018-2020)；全国农业技术推广服务中心农业农村资源等监测统计-墒情监测项目(2020)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662018YJ026)。 |
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| Effects of Soil Water Content on Water Consumption Characteristics and Growth of Rice |
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YangCheng1, ChenYiZhou1, MaShiHao1, WangGuiBing1, ZhangGeng2, LiXiaoKun1
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1.College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University;2.National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Ascertain the suitable soil water content for the efficient use of water and the growth of rice.【Method】A pot experiment with four soil water content of more than 90% (W1, control), 75%~90% (W2), 60%~75% (W3) and 45-60% (W4) were used to explore the effects of soil water content on rice water consumption, water consumption intensity, biomass, yield, water use efficiency, and leaf physiological status.【Result】Compared with W1, the water consumption of W2, W3 and W4 during the whole growth period decreased by 32.4%, 58.7% and 69.9%, respectively; the water consumption intensity during the whole growth period decreased by 32.4%, 61.5% and 73.5%, respectively; the biomass decreased by 12.4%, 63.9% and 82.7%, respectively; the grain yield decreased by 13.2%, 71.7% and 92.0%, respectively; the water use efficiency of W2 increased by 24.5%, while the water use efficiency of W3 and W4 decreased by 36.0% and 74.7%, respectively; plant height decreased by 4.1%, 16.9% and 21.6%, respectively; root bleeding speed decreased by 32.7%, 92.5%, and 92.8%, respectively; leaf area decreased by 19.4%, 45.0% and 75.6%, respectively; relative water concentration decreased by 1.1%, 8.2% and 13.7%, respectively; specific leaf weight increased by 5.4%, 34.3% and 59.4%, respectively; SPAD value increased by 9.1%, 18.8% and 17.2%, respectively; soluble sugar concentration increased by 8.0%, 16.4% and 22.5%, respectively; the proline content increased by 39.9%, 202.0% and 392.6%, respectively; the air-leaf temperature gap of W2 increased by 4.5%, while the air-leaf temperature gap of W3 and W4 decreased by 53.3% and 77.1%, respectively.【Conclusion】Considering comprehensively from the perspectives of efficient water use and ensuring the normal growth of rice, soil water content of 75%~90% can improve water use efficiency and reduce water consumption under the premise of ensuring higher rice yields, which has a good prospect for promotion and application. |
| Key words: soil water content; water deficit; rice; water consumption characteristics; water use efficiency |
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