| 引用本文: | 马新超,马国财,王海瑞,等.水氮耦合对温室沙培黄瓜土壤剖面水盐氮运移及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
| Ma Xinchao,Ma Guocai,Wang Hairui,et al.水氮耦合对温室沙培黄瓜土壤剖面水盐氮运移及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究沙培黄瓜在不同水氮施用制度下土壤剖面水盐氮的分布运移特征及产量的差异。【方法】采用二次饱和D-最优设计进行了沙培黄瓜水氮耦合的田间试验，试验共设7个处理，每个处理重复3次，每隔20 d测定各处理4个土层的土壤含水率、EC、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量，并统计了黄瓜产量，研究了水氮耦合对温室沙培黄瓜土壤剖面水盐氮运移及产量的影响。【结果】结果表明：灌水水平是影响土壤含水率的主要因素，土壤水分在土壤剖面上的分布表现出其湿润峰有明显向深处运移的趋势；膜下滴灌虽然有“抑盐压盐”的作用，但避免过量灌水施氮是防止盐分富集的一种有效措施；土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮两种无机态氮总体上表现出易随水分运移的特性，并且黄瓜根系对于铵态氮的吸收存在阈值；沙培黄瓜产量随着灌水水平和施氮量的增加都表现出先增加后降低的抛物线趋势，符合报酬递减规律。【结论】本试验条件下，综合考虑土壤剖面水盐氮的分布运移、黄瓜产量及水氮投入等因素，推荐的水氮耦合方案是灌水上下限设置为80.20%~89.40%、60%，施氮量为623~917 kg/hm2，其能够保证黄瓜较好的土壤生长环境、合理利用水肥、减少水分及氮素淋失风险、避免产生次生盐渍化危害黄瓜生长、提高水肥利用效率和黄瓜产量，可为沙培黄瓜水肥一体化的广泛推广提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 黄瓜;沙培;土壤含水率;硝态氮;铵态氮;产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021556 |
| 分类号:S626.5 |
| 基金项目:南疆重点产业支撑计划项目（2019DB001）；塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目（TDGRI202023）；塔里木大学校长基金项目（TDZKYB201903） |
|
| Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on water, salt and nitrogen transport and yield of cucumber soil profile in sand culture of greenhouse |
|
Ma Xinchao1, Ma Guocai2, Wang Hairui3, Zhang Kaihao4, Yang Hongji4, Gao Yaning4, Wang Xufeng5, Xuan Zhengying4
|
|
1.Tarim University;2.Analysis and Testing Center, Tarim University;3.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Tarim University;4.College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University;5.College of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Background】A reasonable water and nitrogen operation plan can effectively avoid nitrogen fertilizer leaching and soil secondary salinization, improve the yield of cucumber in greenhouse sand culture, increase economic benefits, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, and have important guiding significance for the production of cucumber in greenhouse sand culture.【Objective】 To explore the distribution and migration characteristics of water, salt and nitrogen in soil profile and the difference of yield of cucumber under different water and nitrogen application systems. 【Method】 A field experiment of cucumber coupling with water and nitrogen in sandy soil was carried out by using secondary saturated D-optimal design. Seven treatments were set up in the experiment, and each treatment was repeated three times. The soil moisture content, EC, nitrate nitrogen content and ammonium nitrogen content of four soil layers in each treatment were measured every 20 days, and the yield of cucumber was statistically analyzed. The effects of coupling of water and nitrogen on the transport of water, salt and nitrogen and yield of cucumber soil profile in greenhouse sand culture were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that irrigation level was the main factor affecting soil moisture content, and the distribution of soil moisture on the soil profile showed an obvious trend of moisture migration to the depth. Although drip irrigation under membrane has the function of "salt suppression and salt pressure", avoiding excessive irrigation and nitrogen application is an effective measure to prevent salt accumulation. The nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil were easily transported with water, and there was a threshold for absorption of ammonium nitrogen by cucumber roots. With the increase of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate, cucumber yield of sand culture showed a parabolic trend of increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with the law of diminishing returns. 【Conclusion】 Under the experimental conditions, considering the distribution and migration of water, salt and nitrogen in soil profile, cucumber yield, water and nitrogen input and other factors, the recommended water-nitrogen coupling scheme is to set the upper and lower limits of irrigation at 80.20%~89.40% and 60%, and the nitrogen application rate at 623~917 kg/hm2. It can ensure a better soil growth environment for cucumber, rationally utilize water and fertilizer, reduce the risk of water and nitrogen leaching, avoid secondary salinization and harming cucumber growth, improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and cucumber yield, which can provide theoretical basis for the wide promotion of cucumber water and fertilizer integration in sand culture. |
| Key words: Cucumber; Sand culture. Soil moisture content; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Yield |
