| 引用本文: | 刘秀花,卢杰,齐燕,等.水氮耦合对作物氮素吸收利用与迁移转化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Liu Xiuhua,Lu Jie,Qi Yan,et al.水氮耦合对作物氮素吸收利用与迁移转化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 水氮耦合对作物氮素吸收利用与迁移转化的影响 |
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刘秀花, 卢杰, 齐燕, 贺屹, 高万德, 陈云飞, 胡安焱, 贺军奇
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长安大学水利与环境学院 旱区地下水与生态效应教育部重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探明不同水氮耦合模式下氮素吸收利用与迁移转化规律。【方法】在2年小麦和玉米大田水氮耦合试验的基础上，分别设置P模式：施肥5 kg下的不同灌水（P1=10 m3、P2=20 m3、P3=40 m3），N模式：灌水30 m3下的不同施肥（N1=5 kg、N2=10 kg、N3=15 kg），以及各模式下的干（AM1）、中（AM2）和湿（AM3）土壤初始含水量状态，应用Hydrus-1D模拟分析其对氮素吸收利用与迁移转化过程的影响。【结果】结果表明：（1）灌后1~4天，土壤含水率剧烈增加，表层淋失通量大于转化通量，氮循环以淋失的外循环为主。4天后，上部含水率逐渐稳定，氮循环由外循环淋失为主变为内循环转化为主。而深层（70~500 cm）因为转化速率小，含水量高，一直以氮淋失的外循环为主。（2）在P模式下，灌水量和初始含水量增加都会引起作物吸收量的下降；浅层（100 cm）累积NH4+-N和NO3--N淋失、矿化、硝化和反硝化通量均随灌水量增加逐渐增大，转化通量变化范围分别为1~2.5 mg/cm2、1~4 mg/cm2、0~0.6 mg/cm2；深层转化通量较小且稳定。（3）在N模式下，作物吸收通量随着施肥量的增加而增大；淋失通量在100 cm以上土层的累积水分渗漏量变化小，但无机氮累积渗漏量随施肥量增加而显著增大，100 cm以下的累积水分和无机氮渗漏量变化小；矿化、硝化和反硝化通量在表层随施肥量增加而逐渐增大，变化范围分别为1~2.5 mg/cm2、1.5~16 mg/cm2、0.3~1.2 mg/cm2，而100 cm以下各通量变化小且稳定。【结论】适宜的水氮耦合模式可提高作物对氮素吸收利用，综合考虑氮素内外循环过程，在AM1-2时525~900m3/hm2灌水量和15kg/亩施肥量为最佳水氮模式。 |
| 关键词: 灌区;水氮耦合;氮素吸收利用;氮矿化、硝化和反硝化;Hydrus-1D |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X142 |
| 基金项目:国家自然基金面上项目（41273104）41877179),陕西水利科技计划项目 (2019slkj-18),中央高校基本科研业务费项目 (300102291507) |
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| Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling Patterns on Crops Uptake and Nitrogen Transformation and Leaching |
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Liu Xiuhua, Lu Jie, Qi Yan, He Yi, Gao Wande, Chen Yunfei, Hu Anyan, He Junqi
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School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an. Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the nitrogen utilization, migration and transformation under different water-nitrogen coupling levels. 【Method】Basis on 2-year coupling experiment of water-nitrogen in wheat and maize growing, irrigation water levels P (P1=10 m3, P2=20 m3, P3=40 m3) under 5kg fertilization and fertilization levels N (N1=5 kg, N2=10 kg, N3=15 kg) under 30 m3 irrigation water were used, and consider three initial soil water content states dry (AM1), medium (AM2) and wet (AM3) were set. Hydrus-1d system was used to simulate and analyze the levels effects on nitrogen uptake, transformation and leaching. 【Result】The results showed that (1) in the surface layer, the soil moisture content increased sharply from 1 to 4 days after irrigation, and the leaching flux was greater than the transformation flux. The nitrogen cycle was dominated by the external leaching cycle. After 4 days, the water content in the upper layer gradually stabilized, and the nitrogen cycle changed from the external leaching loss to the internal transformation. In the deep layer (70~500 cm), due to the low conversion rate and high-water content, the nitrogen was always leaching. (2) At P levels, the increasing irrigation amount and dry to wet initial soil water content would lead to the decrease of crop uptakes; in top layer (100 cm), the accumulated leaching fluxes of NH4+-N and NO3--N gradually increased with irrigation amount. The fluxes of mineralization, nitrification and denitrification also increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount, which ranged of 1-2.5 mg/cm2, 1-4 mg/cm2 and 0-0.6 mg/cm2, respectively. In deep lay, the transformation fluxes were small and stable. (3) At N levels, above 100 cm, crop uptake fluxes increased with the higher fertilizer application. The cumulative leaching flux of NH4+-N and NO3--N had little changed, but they increased greatly with the increasing fertilizer amount, and remained unchanged below 100 cm. However, the fluxes of mineralization, nitrification and denitrification increased gradually with the fertilization amount in the top layer, which range of 1-2.5 mg/cm2, 1.5-16 mg/cm2 and 0.3-1.2 mg/cm2, respectively. While the fluxes had small and stable changed below 100 cm. 【Conclusion】Appropriate water- nitrogen coupling mode can improve crops nitrogen uptake and utilization. At AM1-2 condition, comprehensive consideration of 525~900m3/hm2 irrigation amount and 225kg/hm2 fertilizer application treatment is the best water-nitrogen mode. |
| Key words: irrigation district; water-nitrogen coupling; nitrogen uptake and utilization; nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification; Hydrus-1D |
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