| 引用本文: | 王培华,史文娟,张艳超.土壤水氮调控对盐碱地棉花生长发育及水氮利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| WANG Peihua,SHI Wenjuan,ZHANG Yanchao.土壤水氮调控对盐碱地棉花生长发育及水氮利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 土壤水氮调控对盐碱地棉花生长发育及水氮利用效率的影响 |
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王培华,史文娟,张艳超
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西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明土壤水氮盐对膜下滴灌棉花生理生态指标及产量的影响以及不同程度盐渍化土壤中适宜的水氮措施。【方法】基于膜下滴灌棉花盆栽试验，采用“3414”试验方案，分别设置灌水量（W0：1575、W1：2100、W2：2625和W3：3150 m3/hm2）、施纯氮量（N0：0、N1：150、N2：300和N3：450 kg/hm2）、土壤盐分（S0：非盐化土、S1：轻度盐化土、S2：中度盐化土和S3：重度盐化土）三因素试验，研究水氮调控对不同程度盐渍化土壤膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及水氮肥利用效率的影响，并对产量进行通径分析。【结果】水氮盐耦合效应对棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均有显著影响性差异（P<0.5）。在土壤氮盐或水盐含量相同时，适当增加土壤水或氮含量，可显著促进棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积指数的增加及产量的提高；在土壤水氮含量相同时，土壤含盐量对棉花生长存在阈值。进行交互分析后发现，水氮盐单因素及氮盐的交互均对棉花生长指标及产量、水氮利用效率有极显著影响。各处理中，N1S1W2处理的产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力最大，分别较最低的N2S2W0处理高172%、61%、444.08%；N2S2W3处理的产量较N1S2W1高71.46%，即土壤盐渍化相对较重时，增加灌水量及适度的增加施氮量可促进棉花产量的提高。进行通径分析后发现，灌水量对棉花产量的正向促进作用最大；土壤含盐量则产生负向的抑制作用。【结论】土壤处于轻度盐渍化时，灌溉定额2625 kg/hm2、施纯氮量150 kg/hm2最适宜棉花的生长；土壤盐渍化较重时，灌溉定额3125 kg/hm2、施纯氮量300 kg/hm2可以有效改善土壤盐渍化对棉花生长的负面影响，最大程度提高棉花产量。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；盐碱地；膜下滴灌；生长指标；产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:s279 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Effects of soil water and nitrogen regulation under mulch drip irrigation on cotton growth and utilization efficiency of water and fertilizernitrogen in saline-alkali land |
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WANG Peihua1,2, SHI Wenjuan1,2, ZHANG Yanchao1,2
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1.Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an;2.China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to explore the effects of soil water, nitrogen and salt on the physiological,ecological indexes and yield under mulched-cotton by drip irrigation,and to confirm the appropriate measures of water and nitrogen in soil with different degrees of salinization.【Method】Based on pot experiment of drip irrigation under mulch,this experiment was conducted with"3414"test scheme and set three factor tests:irrigation amount(W0:1575, W1:2100, W2:2625 and W3: 3150 m3/hm2), nitrogen application (N0:0, N1:150, N2:300 and N3:450kg/hm2),soil salt (S0:non-salinized soil, S1:lightly salinized soil, S2:moderately salinized soil and S3:heavy salinized soil),and to study the effects of water and nitrogen regulation on the growth, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of mulched-cotton by drip irrigation under different levels of salinized soil, and to conduct path analysis on the yield. 【Result】The coupling effect of water, nitrogen and salt had obvious significant significance differences in plant height, stem diameter,LAI,Pn,Tr and Ggs(P<0.5).When soil nitrogen,salt and water,salt content were the same,appropriately increasing soil water or nitrogen content could be significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, LAI and yield of cotton. When soil water and nitrogen content were the same,soil salt content had a threshold for cotton growth.The interaction analysis showed that the single factor of water,nitrogen,salts and the interaction of nitrogen and salts had significant effects on the growth index, yield and water,nitrogen use efficiency of cotton. Among all the treatments, N1S1W2 had the highest yield,WUE and PFP while N2S2W0 had the lowest, with a difference of 172%, 61% and 444.08%,respectively.The yield of N2S2W3 was 71.46% higher than that of N1S2W1,in other words,when soil salinization was relatively serious,increasing irrigation amount and moderately increasing nitrogen application rate could be promoted the increase of cotton yield.Path analysis showed that irrigation amount had the most positive effect on cotton yield,soil salt content had a negative effect on yield.【Conclusion】When the soil was slightly salinized,irrigation amount of 2625kg/hm2 and nitrogen application amount of 150kg/hm2 were considered as the most suitable treatment for the growth of cotton.When the soil was severe salinized,irrigation amount of 3125kg/hm2 and nitrogen application amount of 300kg/hm2 can be effectively ameliorated the negative effects of soil salinization on cotton growth and maximize cotton yield. |
| Key words: cotton;saline-alkali land;mulch drip irrigation;growth target;yield |
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