| 引用本文: | 李勇,李林,王峰,等.冬灌结合少量春灌条件下南疆棉田休闲期适宜冬灌定额研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,(12):-. |
| LI Yong,LI Lin,WANG Feng,et al.冬灌结合少量春灌条件下南疆棉田休闲期适宜冬灌定额研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,(12):-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究冬灌结合少量春灌条件下南疆棉田休闲期土壤水盐运移规律，确定冬灌结合春灌条件下的适宜冬灌定额。【方法】本文通过开展田间试验，监测不同时期0～100 cm土层水、盐指标，研究了不同冬灌（0、600、1200、1800、2400、3000、3600 m3/hm2）结合少量春灌（300 m3/hm2）对南疆棉田休闲期土壤水盐运移以及盐分淋洗效率的影响。【结果】（1）冬灌具有一定的储水效应，冬灌初期各处理土壤含水率均大幅度增加，且以0～30 cm土层含水率整体增幅最大；春灌前，各处理土壤含水率均大幅度下降，其中冬灌600 m3/hm2及未冬灌处理0～100 cm土层含水率低于冬灌前；补充春灌后，对于冬灌定额达1800 m3/hm2及以上处理， 0～30 cm土层平均质量含水率均在15.66%以上。（2）水分是盐分运移的载体，冬灌初期土壤盐分有效淋洗深度随冬灌定额升高而逐渐增大，当冬灌水量达2400 m3/hm2及以上时，盐分有效淋洗深度可达100 cm；春灌前，经过休闲期长期的土壤蒸发作用，各处理均出现不同程度的返盐现象，其中未冬灌处理土壤表层返盐最剧烈；补充春灌300 m3/hm2后，各处理土壤剖面盐分得到再次淋洗，0～30 cm土层含盐量整体降幅较大。（3）历经整个休闲期，0～30 cm和0～100 cm土层平均脱盐率均以冬灌2400 m3/hm2结合春灌300 m3/hm2处理最高。（4）春灌后，冬灌2400 m3/hm2结合春灌300 m3/hm2处理0～30 cm土层平均电导率为1.40 mS/cm，0～10 cm土层电导率为1.30 mS/cm，对应全盐含量分别为3.65和3.32 g/kg，低于棉花出苗盐分含量适宜值（3.7 g/kg）。【结论】综合考虑节水、脱盐效应以及春灌后0～30 cm土层土壤水、盐含量，灌水定额2400 m3/hm2是本地区冬灌结合少量春灌（300 m3/hm2）条件下最优冬灌定额。 |
| 关键词: 冬灌;春灌;水盐运移;盐分淋洗;冬灌定额 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S152.72 |
| 基金项目:塔里木大学校长基金青年项目（TDZKQN201814）；塔里木大学校长基金人才项目（TDZKSS201906）；塔里木大学水利工程校级重点学科建设项目（030000304） |
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| Study on Suitable Quota of Winter Irrigation under Winter Irrigation Combined with a Small Amount of Spring Irrigation in Cotton Field of Southern Xinjiang during the Fallow Period |
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LI Yong1, LI Lin1, WANG Feng2, LIU Liang1, WANG Xingpeng1
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University;2.Institute of Farmland Irrigation,CAAS/ Key Lab for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the law of soil water and salt transport in the fallow period of cotton field in southern Xinjiang under the condition of winter irrigation combined with a small amount of spring irrigation, and determine the appropriate winter irrigation quota under the condition of winter irrigation combined with spring irrigation. 【Method】In this paper, by carrying out field experiment and monitoring the water and salt indicators of 0~100 cm soil layers in different periods, effects of different winter irrigation (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600 m3/hm2) combined with a small amount of spring irrigation(300 m3/hm2)on soil water-salt transport and salinity leaching efficiency during the fallow period in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang were studied. 【Result】(1) Winter irrigation has a certain water storage effect. In the early stage of winter irrigation, the soil moisture content of all treatments increased significantly, and the soil moisture content of 0~30 cm soil layer had the largest overall increase. Before spring irrigation, soil moisture content of each treatment decreased significantly, and the soil moisture content of 0~100 cm layer under 600 m3/hm2 winter irrigation and no winter irrigation treatments were lower than that before winter irrigation. After supplementary spring irrigation, the average mass moisture content of 0~30 cm soil layer was more than 15.66% for the treatment with winter irrigation quota of 1800 m3/hm2 and above.(2) Water is the carrier of salt transport. In the early stage of winter irrigation, the effective leaching depth of soil salt gradually increased with the increase of winter irrigation quota. When the amount of winter irrigation reached 2400 m3/hm2 and above, the effective leaching depth of salt can reached 100 cm. Before spring irrigation, after the long-term soil evaporation in the fallow period, different degrees of salt return occurred in all treatments, and the non-winter irrigation treatment had the most severe salt return on the soil surface. After supplementary spring irrigation of 300 m3/hm2, the soil salt in each treatment was leached again, and the overall salt content in 0~30 cm soil layer decreased significantly. (3) After the whole fallow period, the average desalination rate of 0~30 cm and 0~100 cm soil layers were the highest in the treatment of 2400 m3/hm2 winter irrigation combined with 300 m3/hm2 spring irrigation. (4)After spring irrigation, the average conductivity of 0~30 cm soil layer and 0~10 cm soil layer were 1.40 mS/cm and 1.30 mS/cm, respectively, and the corresponding total salt content were 3.65 and 3.32 g/kg, respectively, which were lower than the suitable value of cotton emergence salt content (3.7‰).【Conclusion】Considering water saving, desalination effect and soil water and salt content in the 0~30 cm soil layer after spring irrigation, the irrigation quota of 2400 m3/hm2 is the optimal winter irrigation quota under the condition of winter irrigation combined with a small amount of spring irrigation in this region. |
| Key words: winter irrigation; spring irrigation; water salt transport; salt leaching; winter irrigation quota |
