| 引用本文: | 陈海情,黄超,刘栩辰,等.灌水方式和施肥组合对冬小麦生长及肥料利用影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| CHEN Haiqing,HUANG Chao,LIU Xuchen,et al.灌水方式和施肥组合对冬小麦生长及肥料利用影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 灌水方式和施肥组合对冬小麦生长及肥料利用影响 |
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陈海情1, 黄超1, 刘栩辰1, 巩文军2, 孙蒙强2, 张雅娟2, 王兴鹏3, 刘战东1
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1.中国农业科学院 农田灌溉研究所;2.河南省焦作市广利灌区管理局;3.塔里木大学 水利与建筑工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 目的】研究滴灌和畦灌2种灌水方式下不同施肥组合对冬小麦产量和肥料利用的影响，探寻冬小麦最佳灌水和施肥组合。【方法】试验于2020—2021年在中国农业科学院新乡综合试验基地进行，设置滴灌（D）与畦灌(Q)2个灌水方式和氮磷（NP）、氮钾（NK）、氮磷钾（NPK）、磷钾（PK）4种施肥组合，共8个处理（D-NP、D-NK、D-NPK、D-PK、Q-NP、Q-NK、Q-NPK、Q-PK），分析不同灌水和施肥组合下冬小麦生长发育、产量和肥料利用等变化规律。【结果】滴灌和畦灌条件下，PK处理的冬小麦株高和叶面积指数较NPK处理均显著降低，且冬小麦穗长、穗粒数和千粒质量均显著降低，畦灌处理穗粒数高于滴灌处理，而千粒质量低于滴灌处理；滴灌条件下，较施用NPK处理相比，PK处理产量降低25.0%，而NP处理和NK处理产量差异不显著；滴灌条件下氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别高出畦灌的49.5%、4.0%和18.1%，且滴灌氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力显著高于畦灌；滴灌下冬小麦收获时土壤硝态氮残留量低于畦灌，且Q-NK处理土壤硝态氮残留量较Q-NPK处理降低18.7%。【结论】综合分析，D-NK的灌水和施肥组合有利于提高冬小麦肥料利用和减少收获期土壤硝态氮的残留量，因此该地区在冬小麦滴灌水分一体化施肥时可适当降低磷肥的使用。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦;滴灌;水肥一体化;肥料利用率;硝态氮残留 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Irrigation Methods and Fertilization Combinations on Growth and Fertilizer Utilization of Winter Wheat |
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CHEN Haiqing1, HUANG Chao1, LIU Xuchen1, GONG Wenjun2, SUN Mengqiang2, ZHANG Yajuan2, wang xingpeng3, LIU Zhandong1
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1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.Henan Jiaozuo Guangli Irrigation District Administration Bureau;3.College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To investigate the effects of different fertilizer application combinations on winter wheat yield and fertilizer utilization under two irrigation methods of drip irrigation and border irrigation, and explore the optimal irrigation and fertilizer combinations for winter wheat. 【Methods】 This experiment was conducted at the Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021, with two irrigation methods of drip irrigation (D) and border irrigation (Q) and four fertilization combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and phosphorus and potassium (PK), with a total of eight treatments (D-NP, D-NK, D-NPK, D PK, Q-NP, Q-NK, Q-NPK, Q-PK), and then analyzed the changes of growth and development, yield and fertilizer utilization of winter wheat under different irrigation and fertilizer combinations. 【Result】Under drip irrigation and border irrigation, the plant height and leaf area index of winter wheat in PK treatment were significantly lower than those of NPK treatment, and the spike length, spike grain number and thousand-grain weight of winter wheat were significantly lower. The grain per spike in border irrigation was higher than that in drip irrigation, while the thousand-grain weight in border irrigation was lower than that in drip irrigation. Under drip irrigation, the yield of PK treatment was 25.0% lower than that of NPK treatment, while the yield difference between NP treatments and NK treatments was not significant; the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer under drip irrigation was 49.5%, 4.0% and 18.1% higher than that of border irrigation, and the productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium bias under drip irrigation was significantly higher than that of border irrigation. Soil nitrate-N residuals at harvest in winter wheat under drip irrigation were lower than those in border irrigation, and soil nitrate-N residues in the Q-NK treatment were 18.7% lower than that of Q-NPK treatment. 【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis shows that the combination of irrigation and fertilization with D-NK is beneficial to improve the fertilizer utilization of winter wheat and reduce the residual soil nitrate-N at harvest, so the use of phosphorus fertilizer can be appropriately reduced in the drip irrigation water integration fertilization of winter wheat in this area. |
| Key words: winter Wheat; drip irrigation; water-fertilizer integration; fertilizer use efficiency; nitrate-N residues |
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