| 引用本文: | 曹和平,蒋 静,翟登攀,等.施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布和玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(6):47-54. |
| CAO Heping,JIANG Jing,ZHAI Dengpan,et al.施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布和玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(6):47-54. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究盐渍化土壤下玉米适宜的施氮量。【方法】试验于2019年5—9月在太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院试验地的遮雨棚进行，采用桶栽方式种植玉米，设置4个施氮量水平N0（不施氮）、N1（225 kg/hm2）、N2（275 kg/hm2）和N3（325 kg/hm2）。【结果】施氮会明显改变水氮盐在土壤中的分布，0~40 cm土层的体积含水率随施氮量增加而显著（p＜0.05）减小。各测定时期的土壤电导率随施氮量增加而增大，拔节—抽雄期比苗期升高0.968~1.542 dS/m，完熟期比抽雄期降低4.740~5.471 dS/m。土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量随玉米生育期推进而降低，且在各时期随施氮量增加而增大。施氮显著促进了玉米生长，提高其耗水量及水分利用效率，且各指标均随施氮量增加而增大，N2处理和N3处理间无显著差异（p＞0.05）。与N3处理相比，N2处理节约肥料50 kg/hm2，且氮肥偏生产力高3.4 kg/kg，差异显著（p＜0.05）。【结论】综合考虑不同施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布规律、玉米生长指标和耗水特性的影响，得出该地区盐渍化土壤下玉米较适宜的施氮量为275 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 玉米；产量；水分利用效率；土壤电导率；硝态氮；铵态氮 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021409 |
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| Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Spatial Distribution of Water, Nitrogen and Salt in Soil, and Growth and Yield of Maize |
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CAO Heping, JIANG Jing, ZHAI Dengpan, ZHANG Chaobo
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1. College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
2. Zhongshui North Survey, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300222, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Nitrogen is not only a plant nutrient but also functions as a signal affecting crop growth and yield in complex ways. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on water and solute dynamics in soil, as well as the consequence for growth and yield of maize in semi-arid regions in northern China. 【Method】The experiment was conducted from May to September in 2019 in a rain shelter at the Experimental Station of Taiyuan University of Technology. We compared four nitrogen fertilizations: without nitrogen application (N0), applying nitrogen fertilizer at 225 kg/hm2 (N1), 275 kg/hm2 (N2) and 325 kg/hm2 (N3), respectively. In each treatment, we measured, at different growing stages, the distributions of water, salt and nitrogen in the soil profile, as well as the final grain yield. 【Result】Nitrogen application affected distribution of water, nitrogen and salt in the soil, with volumetric water content in the 0~40 cm of soil decreasing significantly (p<0.05) with the increase in nitrogen application. Soil electrical conductivity also increased with nitrogen application, regardless of the growing stages. As the crop grew, soil electrical conductivity increased by 0.968~1.542 dS/m until the tasseling stage, compared with that at seedling stage, and it then fell by 4.740~5.471 dS/m at mature stage compared to that at the tasseling stage. Soil nitrate and ammonium decreased as the crop grew. Nitrogen application promoted crop growth and improved its water consumption and water use efficiency, with crop yield and water use indexes increasing with nitrogen application. There was no significant difference in grain yield between N2 and N3 (p>0.05), despite the former saving 50 kg/hm2 of fertilizer and increasing partial productivity of the nitrogen fertilizer to 3.4 kg/kg higher (p<0.05).【Conclusion】Considering the effects of nitrogen application and crop growth and yield, the most suitable nitrogen fertilization for maize production in the salinized soils in the studied region is 275 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: maize; yield; water use efficiency; soil electrical conductivity; nitrate nitrogen; ammonium nitrogen |
