| 摘要: |
| 【目的】变化环境下我国水资源供需矛盾加剧，农业是我国主要用水部门，农业水资源优化配置是缓解缺水、提高水资源利用效率的有效途径。【方法】基于农业水资源的概念和优化配置内容，对作物灌溉制度优化、灌区种植结构与空间布局优化、灌区多水源联合调控、区域农业水资源承载力评价与优化配置、水-粮食-能源协同优化以及优化配置方法等方面的研究进展进行了系统综述。【结论】指出了农业水资源优化配置研究存在的问题与挑战，提出进一步对考虑气候变化、虚拟水贸易和水碳足迹的种植结构优化、基于二元水循环转化模拟的灌区多水源优化调控、水-粮食-能源-生态协同优化以及灌区适宜生态结构与耕地规模的研究。 |
| 关键词: 农业水资源；种植结构；空间布局；耕地规模；水-粮食-能源-生态 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021599 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Advance of Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Agriculture: A Review |
|
SU Xiaoling
|
|
1.Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education,
Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weathers like drought and flooding, worsening the already imbalance between water supply and water demand in some regions such as northern China. Since agricultural use is the main water consumption in many countries, optimizing water allocation in agriculture is one of the most effective ways to alleviate water shortage and improve water resource utilization efficiency. 【Method】This review covers the recent advance in the following areas: optimization of crop irrigation system, crop planting structure, spatial optimization of cropping systems, joint control on irrigation water, evaluation of water carrying capacity, optimal allocation of regional agricultural water resources, joint optimization of water, food and energy, and methods used for optimal water resources allocations. 【Conclusion】We outline the challenges and problems facing research and application of optimal allocation of water resources in agriculture, and propose perspective including optimizing cropping structure to adapt to climate change. Future research and application should consider virtual water trade, water and carbon footprint of agricultural production, optimization of multiple water sources for irrigation water, synergistic optimization of water-food-energy-ecology nexus, optimizing ecological structure and cultivated land in irrigation districts. |
| Key words: agricultural water resources; cropping pattern; spatial distribution; suitable agricultural area; water-food-energy-ecology nexus |
