| 引用本文: | 贾壮壮,谭亚男,管孝艳,等.宁夏盐碱地成因及分区治理措施综述[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| JIA Zhuangzhuang,Tan Yanan,Guan Xiaoyan,et al.宁夏盐碱地成因及分区治理措施综述[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】综述宁夏典型片区盐碱地成因和治理措施，归纳形成宁夏盐碱地分区高效治理模式。【方法】选取红寺堡区、平罗县、惠农区、兴庆区和贺兰县为典型片区，从土壤质地、地下水位、气候条件、灌排条件、地形地貌和土地利用方式等几个方面梳理盐碱地成因，总结灌排管理、物理调控、化学调理和生物改良等治理措施及评价应用效果，提炼分区高效治理模式。【结果】宁夏盐碱地共同成因包括干旱少雨、蒸发强烈、人类活动影响和灌排不协调等；分区成因主要为红寺堡区弱透水层及洼地盐分淋洗效率低、平罗县西大滩白僵土碱化度高和渠口乡作物插花种植、惠农区地下水受黄河水顶托常年居高不下、兴庆区风沙土土质易加速土壤蒸发返盐以及贺兰县成土母质含盐量高和低洼地区排水不畅等；基础治理措施为建立良好的灌排体系，针对性的分区典型治理措施包括红寺堡区应通过物理调控打破弱透水层形成连贯排水通道、平罗县西大滩应着重改善白僵土土壤结构、平罗县渠口乡应推进土地利用类型合理化、惠农区应以优化供水格局来、促进排水和降低地下水位为主要措施、兴庆区则应通过合理灌溉实现抑盐作用和培肥提升地力，而贺兰县则应以改良土壤特性、排水和研究稻渔种养循环模式为主。【结论】各分区需在建立良好的灌排条件的基础上，兼顾其他治理措施，实现高效协同治理，同时加强水盐监测、多措并举实现宁夏盐碱地分区综合治理。 |
| 关键词: 宁夏;盐碱地;典型片区成因;分区治理措施; |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156.4 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900600),国家自然科学基金项目（50909277），青海省基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-709) |
|
| Review of the Causes of Saline - alkali Land in Ningxia and Regional Control Measures |
|
JIA Zhuangzhuang1, Tan Yanan1, Guan Xiaoyan2, WANG Zhongjing3, TAO Yuan1
|
|
1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing;2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing，100084，China;3.Ningxia University
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The aim was to overview the causes and control measures of saline-alkali land in typical areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to form an efficient management model of saline-alkali land.【Method】Hongsipu District, Pingluo County, Huinong District, Xingqing District and Helan County were selected as typical areas. The causes were reviewed considering soil texture, groundwater level, climatic conditions, irrigation and drainage conditions, topography and geomorphology and land use patterns. The control measures and application effect were summarized and evaluated from the perspectives of irrigation and drainage management, physical regulation, chemical conditioning and biological improvement, and to extract an efficient management model.【Results】The common causes of saline-alkali land in each area include drought and less rainfall, strong evaporation, influence of human activities, and uncoordinated irrigation and drainage. The main causes of the partition are the low salt leaching efficiency of the weak permeable layer and the depression in Hongsipu District, the high alkalinity of the Baijiang soil in Xidatan, Pingluo County, and the planting of crops in Qukou Township, the groundwater in Huinong District is high perennially supported by the Yellow River, the aeolian sandy soil in Xingqing District accelerates the evaporation and salt return of the soil, and the high salt content of the parent material of the soil in Helan County and the poor drainage in the low-lying areas. The basic control measures of each area are to establish a good irrigation and drainage system, and the targeted of typical area control measures include breaking the weak permeable layer through physical regulation to form a coherent drainage channel in Hongsipu District, focusing on improving the soil structure of white stiff soil in Xidatan of Pingluo County and impelling rational utilization of land in Qukou Township, optimizing the water supply pattern to，promoteing drainage and lowering groundwater level as a major measure in Huinong District, rational irrigation to acheve salt suppression and fertilizer cultivation to improve fertility in Xingqing District, improving soil characteristics, drainage and the study of rice fish breeding cycle pattern in Helan County.【Conclusion】Good irrigation and drainage conditions should be established in each partition, and other management measures should be also taken into account, water and salt monitoring should be strengthened and multiple measures should be taken to comprehensicely control the saline-alkali land in typical areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. |
| Key words: Ningxia; saline land in Ningxia; causes of typical area; measures of classification governance; |
