分枝期水盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及生理特征的影响

田德龙; 侯晨丽; 王平霞; 任杰; 李泽坤

引用本文:	田德龙,侯晨丽,王平霞,等.分枝期水盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及生理特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-.
	Tian Delong,Hou Chenli,Wang Pingxia,et al.分枝期水盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及生理特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-.

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分枝期水盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长及生理特征的影响
田德龙¹, 侯晨丽¹, 王平霞², 任杰¹, 李泽坤¹
1.水利部牧区水利科学研究所;2.内蒙古机电职业技术学院

摘要:

【目的】分枝期作为紫花苜蓿水盐胁迫敏感的阶段之一，探讨该时期紫花苜蓿耗水量、生物量及生化反应对水盐胁迫的响应机理，对提高牧草产量具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以紫花苜蓿为研究对象，于2018-2019年在内蒙古磴口县圣牧高科经济园区进行盆栽试验，设置3个水分处理，W1（55%~70%θf）、W2（70%~85%θf）、W3（85%~100%θf）；4个盐分处理分别为S0 < (1.0 g/kg)、S1 (11.5 g/kg)、S2 (3.0 g/kg)、S3（4.5 g/kg），在苜蓿初花期测量各处理地上部渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性以及地上、根系生物量，探究水盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿土壤水分消耗、生长及生理特性的影响。【结果】添加盐分低于3 g/kg时，有利于提高苜蓿株高、根生物量、根茎比及耗水量，但小程度降低了苜蓿地上生物量。低水处理下，添加适宜的盐分可以提高苜蓿自身脯氨酸、Na+含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，缓解干旱对苜蓿的氧化损害，促进苜蓿生长。与S0W1处理相比，低水+中盐（S2W1）处理增加了茎叶脯氨酸和POD活性，降低茎叶Na+含量，导致耗水量、地上生物量较S0W1处理分别增加11.93%和17.51%。【结论】干旱和盐分复合胁迫条件下，紫花苜蓿表现出一定的交叉适应现象，盐分2-3 g kg-1适合苜蓿生长，灌水量为田间持水量的70%-85%最佳。

关键词: 水盐胁迫;紫花苜蓿;生物量;渗透调节物质;抗氧化酶活性

DOI：

分类号:S27

基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG022-03)

Effects of water and salt stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Alfalfa at branching stage

Tian Delong¹, Hou Chenli¹, Wang Pingxia², Ren Jie¹, Li Zekun¹

1.Institute of Pastoral Water Conservancy,Ministry of Water Resources;2.Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics and Electrics

Abstract:

【Background】 Branching stage is one of the water-sensitive stages of alfalfa, and the response mechanism of alfalfa growth to water and salt stress in this stage is still unclear. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the response mechanism of water consumption, biomass and biochemical reaction of alfalfa in branching stage to water and salt stress. 【Method】 A pot experiment was carried out in Shengmu High-tech Economic Park, Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia in 2018-2019, taking alfalfa as the research object. Three water treatments, W1, W2 and W3, were set for pot experiment. Salt was set at four levels, were 1, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 g/kg, called S0-S3 treatment, respectively. Osmotic substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and aboveground and root biomass of alfalfa were measured at early flowering stage after water and salt treatment. Objective To investigate the effects of water and salt stress on soil water consumption, growth and physiological characteristics of alfalfa. 【Result】The plant height, root biomass, root shoot ratio and water consumption of alfalfa were increased when the salt content was less than 3 g kg^-1, but the aboveground biomass of alfalfa was decreased to a small extent. Under mild water stress, adding salt increased the content of proline and Na⁺, SOD and POD activities, and alleviated the oxidative damage of alfalfa caused by drought. Compared with S0W1 treatment, drought + medium salt (S2W1) treatment increased the activities of proline and POD in stems and leaves, and decreased the content of Na⁺ in stems and leaves, resulting in water consumption and aboveground biomass increased by 11.93% and 17.51%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Under the combined stress of drought and salt, alfalfa showed a certain cross-adaptation phenomenon. 2-3 g kg^-1 salt was suitable for alfalfa growth, and the optimal irrigation amount was 70%-85% of field water capacity.

Key words: Water salt stress; Alfalfa; Biomass; Osmotic regulating substance; Antioxidant enzyme activity