| 引用本文: | 高福奎,王璐,李小刚,等.不同灌溉制度对南疆棉田水盐分布及作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| gaofukui,wanglu,li xiaogang,et al.不同灌溉制度对南疆棉田水盐分布及作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同春灌策略下膜下滴灌棉田生育期适宜灌溉定额。【方法】通过大田小区试验，设计播前滴水春灌（春灌量90 mm）和常规春灌（春灌量180 mm）2种春灌模式，每种模式下在棉花生育期设计3种灌水定额（W1: 30 mm、W2: 37.5 mm、W3: 45 mm）处理，研究春灌模式与灌水定额对膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐动态变化、棉花生长、干物质积累、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与常规春灌相比，滴水春灌能够保证棉花苗期出苗所需的土壤水分，且能显著提高生育期0～80 cm土层的土壤含水率；与苗期相比，滴水春灌棉花生育期0～40 cm土层出现积盐区，蕾期和花铃期0～40 cm土层电导率分别增加了7.84%和8.75%，滴水春灌生育期末0～100 cm土层土壤电导率较常规春灌累积增加8.37%；不同灌水定额下0～100 cm土层土壤电导率均呈增加趋势，但随着灌水定额的增加土壤剖面电导率显著降低，W1、W2、W3处理积盐率分别为30.11%、12.12%和11.11%；随着灌水定额的增加，株高和茎粗显著提升，干物质积累量明显增加，产量增加，而灌溉水利用效率（WUEI）减小，水分利用效率（WUEET）增大；在W1和W3灌水定额下，不同春灌模式间产量和水分利用效率无显著差异，但在W2灌水定额下，不同春灌模式间产量和水分利用效率差异显著。【结论】从棉花产量和水分利用效率方面综合考虑，滴水春灌模式下，全生育期灌溉定额推荐为450 mm（W3）；常规春灌模式下，灌溉定额375 mm（W2）可以获得合理的盐分分布与脱盐效果，籽棉产量为7 207.81 kg/hm2，是实现抑盐、控水、高产的适宜棉花灌溉制度。 |
| 关键词: 滴水春灌;覆膜棉田;水盐分布;产量;水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-15-13) |
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| Effects of Different Irrigation System on Water and Salt Distribution and Crop Growth in Cotton Fields in Southern Xinjiang |
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gaofukui1, wanglu1, li xiaogang2, ninghuifeng1, hanqisheng1, liuhao1, fengquanqing1
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1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute;2.Hydrology and Water Resources Management Center of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To explore the suitable irrigation amount of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch under different spring irrigation strategies, which can provide technical support for efficient water-saving management of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Two spring irrigation modes, drip seeding (D, spring irrigation amount of 90 mm) and conventional spring irrigation (C, spring irrigation amount of 180 mm) were designed through field plot experiment. In each mode, three irrigation quotas (W1:30 mm, W2:37.5 mm and W3:45 mm) were arranged during cotton growth period. The effects of different irrigation treatments on soil water and salt dynamics, cotton growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency in cotton field under mulched drip irrigation were investigated. 【Results】 Compared with conventional spring irrigation, drip seeding can ensure the soil water content required for cotton seedling emergence and significantly increase the soil water content in 0~80 cm soil layer during the growth period. Compared with seedling stage, salt accumulation appeared in 0~40 cm soil layer and EC in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased by 7.84 % and 8.75 % at bud stage and boll stage, respectively. Soil EC showed an increasing trend with different irrigation quotas, but with the increase of irrigation quota, soil EC in soil profile decreased significantly. Soil EC in 0~100 cm soil layer of W1, W2 and W3 treatments increased by 30.11 %, 12.12 % and 11.11 %, respectively. With the increase of irrigation quota, With the increase of irrigation quota, plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, yield and WUEET increased while WUEI decreased. Under W1 and W3 irrigation quota, there was no significant difference in yield and water use efficiency among different spring irrigation patterns, but under W2 irrigation quota, there was significant difference in yield and water use efficiency among different spring irrigation patterns. 【Conclusion】From the comprehensive consideration of cotton yield and water use efficiency, the recommended irrigation quota for the whole growth period is 450 mm ( W3 ) under drip irrigation in spring. Under conventional spring irrigation mode, reasonable salt distribution and desalination effect can be obtained with irrigation quota of 375 mm ( W2 ), and the seed cotton yield is 7 207.81 kg/hm2, which is a suitable cotton irrigation system for realizing salt suppression, water control and high yield. |
| Key words: Drip seeding; Cotton field under film drip irrigation; Water and salt distribution; Yield; Water use efficiency |
