| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对宁夏银川城郊地区温室蔬菜灌水和施肥存在的问题,探寻滴灌水肥耦合条件下温室水果番茄优质高效的最优水肥组合。【方法】设置灌水和施肥二因素三水平共 9 个处理,分析番茄产量、水分利用效率、土壤水分及养分分布对不同水肥耦合的响应规律。【结果】番茄产量受水肥耦合影响显著,相比W1F1处理,W2F2、W3F2处理产量降低16.26%和6.54%,但水分利用效率增加11.62%和66.56%。不同施肥水平与水分的交互效应对土壤水分及养分亦产生显著影响,0-20 cm土层土壤体积含水率随生育进程的推进呈波动式递减趋势,变化范围在13.33～24.53%之间；剖面土壤水分空间分布随灌水施肥量的减少在距离地面60 cm处等值线较为密集,土壤水分变化较为剧烈,其W2F2、W3F2处理0-100 cm土体内的平均土壤含水率为16.53%和16.84%。生育后期土壤有机质及速效养分含量较生长中期累积明显,相同灌水量下,根层(0-20 cm)土壤有机质及速效磷、速效钾含量变化规律基本一致,随施肥量的减少而减少；施肥量一定的情况下,适度减少灌水量有利于降低碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾向深层迁移,显著提高番茄根区土壤养分含量。【结论】灌水量在160～240 m3/667m2之间、施肥量为336 kg/667m2(液体有机肥240 kg/667m2、大量元素水溶肥96 kg/667m2)时,能够获得较高产量以及水分利用效率,同时有效提高根层养分含量,降低养分淋失风险。 |
| 关键词: 水肥耦合;设施水果番茄;产量;土壤含水率;养分 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S157 |
| 基金项目:宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NGSB-2021-11-02) |
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| Characteristics of soil moisture and nutrient transport in facility tomato under coupled irrigation and fertilization |
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Yin Zhirong1,2, Cai Jinjun1,2, Ke Ying1,2
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1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Environment Yinchuan,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002;2.China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Aiming at dealing with the problems of irrigation and fertilization on greenhouse vegetables in the suburban area of Yinchuan Ningxia, the purpose of this study was to explore the optimal water and fertilizer combination for researched good-quality and high-efficiency under coupled irrigation and fertilization.【Method】The experiments consisted of irrigation and fertilization with two factors and three levels, a total of 9 treatments for analyzing the responsive rules of irrigation amount and fertilizer rate on tomato yield, water utilization, distribution of soil moisture and nutrients.【Result】The results showed that tomato yield was significantly affected by the coupling of irrigation and fertilization, compared with W1F1 treatment, the yield of W2F2 and W3F2 treatment decreased by 16.26% and 6.54%, but the water use efficiency increased by 11.62% and 66.56%. The interaction effect of different fertilization levels and water also had a significant impact on soil water and nutrients. The soil volumetric water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer showed a fluctuating decreasing trend with the advancement of the growth process, which the variation range was between 13.33 and 24.53%. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the profile decreased with the decrease of irrigation and fertilization, and the contour lines were denser at 60cm from the ground, and soil moisture changed more dramatically. Among them, the average soil moisture content of W2F2 and W3F2 treatment 0-100cm soil was 16.53% and 16.84%. The content of soil organic matter and available nutrients in the late growth stage was more obvious than that in the middle growth stage. The changes of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium content in the root layer (0-20cm) were basically the same under the same irrigation amount, which decreased with decrease in fertilizer application. The moderately reducing the amount of irrigation was beneficial to reduce the migration of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium to the deep layer under the condition of a certain amount of fertilization, which significantly increased soil nutrient content in tomato root zone.【Conclusion】This indicated that higher yield and water use efficiency could be obtained, and that could effectively increase the nutrient content of the root layer and reduce the risk of nutrient leaching at the same time, when the irrigation amount was between 160-240 m3/667m2 and the fertilization amount was 336 kg/667m2 (liquid organic fertilizer 240 kg/667m2, macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 96 kg/667m2). |
| Key words: irrigation and fertilization coupling; facility fruit tomato; yield; soil moisture content; soil nutrients |
