基于Richards模型研究不同水氮水平对食葵干物质积累与产量的影响

吴 胜; 段 玉; 张婷婷; 安 昊; 张 君; 梁俊梅; 张 胜

引用本文:	吴胜,段玉,张婷婷,等.基于Richards模型研究不同水氮水平对食葵干物质积累与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
	wusheng,duanyu,zhangtingting,et al.基于Richards模型研究不同水氮水平对食葵干物质积累与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.

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基于Richards模型研究不同水氮水平对食葵干物质积累与产量的影响
吴胜¹, 段玉², 张婷婷², 安昊², 张君², 梁俊梅², 张胜¹
1.内蒙古农业大学农学院;2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院资源环境与可持续发展研究所

摘要:

【目的】为揭示灌水施氮对食葵生长的调控作用和产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系。【方法】2021年在北方农牧交错带内蒙古阴山北麓武川旱作区以食用向日葵(龙葵27)为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计,主因素为3种灌溉模式：不灌雨养W0(覆膜种植,播后保苗水300m₃^/hm₂⁾、补水灌溉W1(覆膜种植,生育期总灌水量为900m₃^/hm₂^,播后保苗水300m₃^/hm₂^,苗期300m₃^/hm₂^,现蕾期300m₃^/hm₂⁾和正常灌溉W2(覆膜种植,生育期总灌水量为1500m₃^/hm₂^,播后保苗水300m₃^/hm₂^,苗期300m₃^/hm₂^,现蕾期300m₃^/hm₂^,花期300m₃^/hm₂^,灌浆期300m₃^/hm₂⁾。副因素为3个施氮水平：0、135和270kg/hm₂^,表示为N0,NE和NF。采用Richards方程定量分析了不同水氮组合下DMA(干物质积累,dry matter accumulation)动态变化过程以及对产量的影响。【结果】研究发现Richards方程可以较为准确地拟合向日葵地上部干物质积累的过程；具体灌水施氮对DMA关键特征值的影响：相较不施氮,施氮提前了进入干物质积累快增期的时间,但是过量的施氮(NF)相较NE(养分专家推荐施氮量)会延后进入快增期的时间和提前快增期结束的时间,从而使快增期持续时间缩短。较不灌水的处理,生育前期的灌水使进入快增期的时间延后但积累速率更高,生育后期的灌水使快增期结束时间缩短；建立了产量与DMA特征参数的多元回归关系y=272.209 - 5.450X₁+ 49.370X₂+7.376X₇,方程的模拟效果优秀；通过通径分析和求算决策系数,提出了水氮调控DMA进而影响产量的途径：首要考虑通过水氮措施提高DMA最大速率,然后再考虑协调DMA速率达到峰值的时间与DMA快增期结束时间的关系,以达到DMA最大速率出现时间更早,快增期结束时间更晚。【结论】该研究为干旱半干旱地区合理调控水氮措施,实现向日葵高产高效提供科学依据。

关键词: 食用向日葵;滴灌;氮肥;Richards模型

DOI：

分类号:S565.5

基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项2020ZD0005-03；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金2022LHMS03021

Effects of different water and nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and yield of sunflower based on Richards model

wusheng¹, duanyu², zhangtingting², anhao², zhangjun², liangjunmei², zhangsheng¹

1.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University;2.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to reveal the regulatory effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on the growth of confectionary sunflower and the quantitative relationship between yield formation and dry matter accumulation. 【Method】In 2021, the confectionary sunflower (Long Kui 27) was taken as the research object in the dry farming area at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia. A split-plot experimental design was adopted. After seedling protection water 300 m3^/hm²), replenishment irrigation W1 (film-covering planting, the total irrigation amount during growth period is 900 m3^/hm², seedling protection water after sowing is 300 m3^/hm2^{, seedling stage 300 m}3^/hm2^{, budding}300 m3^/hm2^{at the seedling stage) and}normal irrigated W2 (film-covered planting, the total irrigation amount during the growth stage is 1500 m3^/hm², the seedling water after sowing is 300 m3^/hm2^{, the seedling stage is 300 m}3^/hm2^{, the budding stage is 300 m}3^/hm2^,300 m3^/hm2^{at flowering stage,}300 m3^/hm² at grain filling stage). The secondary factors were 3 nitrogen application levels: 0, 135 and 270 kg/hm², expressed as N0, NE and NF. The Richards mathematical model was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic change process of DMA and its effect on yield under different irrigation and nitrogen application levels. 【Result】 The Richards model can accurately simulate the dynamic process of sunflower DMA；Starting from the overall characteristics of the dynamic process of dry matter accumulation, a multiple regression relationship between yield and dry matter accumulation characteristic parameters was established, y=272.209-5.450X1+49.370X2+7.376X7, which further revealed that yield and aboveground dry matter accumulation in sunflower production Relationship；Through the path analysis and calculation of the decision coefficient, a way of regulating DMA by water and nitrogen to affect the yield is proposed: firstly consider increasing the maximum rate of DMA through water and nitrogen measures, and then consider coordinating the time when the DMA rate reaches the peak and the end time of the DMA rapid increase period , so that xmax is smaller and x2 is larger；The effect of specific irrigation and nitrogen application on the key characteristic values of DMA: Compared with no nitrogen application, nitrogen application earlier entered the period of rapid increase in dry matter accumulation, but excessive nitrogen application (NF) was compared with NE (nutrient experts recommended nitrogen application rate) ) will delay the time to enter the fast growth period and the time to end the fast growth period earlier, so that the duration of the fast growth period is shorter. Compared with the treatment without water, irrigation in the early growth stage delayed the time of entering the fast growth period but the accumulation rate was higher, and irrigation in the late growth stage delayed the end time of the fast growth stage. 【Conclusion】This study provides a scientific basis for the rational regulation of water and nitrogen measures in arid areas to achieve high yield and high efficiency of sunflower.

Key words: Confectionary sunflower;Drip irrigation; Nitrogen fertilizer; Richards model