| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对大豆全生育期耗水量及水分利用效率的影响，为大豆节水栽培提供科学依据。【方法】于2021年在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站开展试验，设置了膜下滴灌、无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌和无膜畦灌4种灌溉方式，每块试验田中心布设一台波文比-能量平衡系统对大豆全生育期的水热通量进行连续定位观测，研究了不同灌溉方式对大豆的农田小气候，生长发育，耗水量（ET），产量以及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】①覆膜对比无膜提高大豆净辐射（Rn）6.58 W/m2，同时滴灌对比畦灌提高土壤温度1.30 ℃。②覆膜和滴灌两种措施在不同程度上对大豆的生理指标产生影响。与无膜相比，覆膜显著提高叶面积指数（LAI）18.29%；畦灌比滴灌LAI高5.45%。③覆膜和滴灌均可显著降低大豆全生育期ET，膜下滴灌对比其他3种处理全生育期ET最小，仅为378.92 mm。④4种灌溉方式下，环境因子和生物因子中与ET正相关性最显著的分别为Rn和LAI。⑤膜下滴灌比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌各增产18.07%、5.27%、11.17%。同种灌溉方式下覆膜使WUE平均显著提高25.93%；同种覆膜条件下滴灌使WUE平均显著提高34.62%，膜下滴灌的WUE比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌分别显著提高31.15%、42.86%、70.21%。【结论】膜下滴灌比无膜滴灌、覆膜畦灌、无膜畦灌的产量平均提高了11.51%，ET平均减少了24.13%，同时WUE平均提高了48.07%，灌溉水利用效率平均提高了46.57%；综合考虑作物的耗水、产量、水分利用效率，膜下滴灌对大豆生长提供了更适宜的生长环境并具有明显的节水增产作用。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；覆膜；产量；水分利用效率；大豆 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV93, S529 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879262、32071975) |
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| Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean |
|
Yang Xiaolin
|
|
China Agricultural University
|
| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】The effects of different irrigation methods on water consumption and water use efficiency during the whole growth period of soybean were studied to provide a scientific basis for water-saving irrigation development.【Method】One field experiment was carried out at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture at Wuwei, Gansu province at 2021, and four irrigation methods were set up, including drip irrigation under film, drip irrigation without film, border irrigation with film and border irrigation without film. The Bowen ratio - Energy balance system was conducted for the continuous positioning observations during the whole growth period of soybean for each treatment, and the effects of different irrigation methods on the microclimate, growth process, water consumption (ET), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of soybean were studied. 【Result】①Compared with no film treatments, the net radiation (Rn) of soybean increased by 6.58 W/m2. Soil temperature increased by 1.30 ℃ relative to drip irrigation. ②Film mulching and drip irrigation affected the physiological indexes of soybean. Compared with no film, film mulching treatment significantly increased the leaf area index (LAI) by 18.29%; LAI under border irrigation was higher by 5.45% than drip irrigation. ③Both film mulching and drip irrigation significantly reduced soybean ET during the whole growth period, and the drip irrigation under the film had the smallest ET compared to the other three treatments, only 378.92 mm.④ Rn and LAI were positively correlated with ET with the most high correlation coefficients among the environmental factors and biological factors under all treatments.⑤The yield of drip irrigation under film was significantly higher by 18.07%, 5.27% and 11.17% than those of non-film drip irrigation, film-covered border irrigation and non-film border irrigation, respectively. Film mulching under the same irrigation method significantly increased WUE by 25.93%; under the same film mulching condition, drip irrigation significantly increased WUE by 34.62%. The WUE of drip irrigation under film significantly increased by 31.15%，42.86% and 70.21% than those of non-film drip irrigation, film-covered border irrigation, and non-film border irrigation, respectively.【Conclusion】Compared to drip irrigation without film, border irrigation with film and border irrigation without film, the yield of drip irrigation under film increased by an average of 11.51%, ET decreased by 24.13%, and WUE increased by 48.07% and irrigation water use efficiency improved by 46.57%; Taking into account the water consumption, yield and water use efficiency of soybean, drip irrigation under film provided a more benefit growth environment for soybean growth and significantly reduced ET and increased yield. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; film; yield; water use efficiency; soybean |
