| 引用本文: | 常晓敏,王少丽,管孝艳,等.湟水流域典型区农业面源污染特征解析及空间格局[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,():-. |
| changxiaomin,wangshaoli,guanxiaoyan,et al.湟水流域典型区农业面源污染特征解析及空间格局[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为明确湟水流域农业面源污染排放时空演变特征及污染来源贡献。【方法】采用排污系数法定量估算了湟水干流典型区2010~2018年总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）的排放量和排放强度，运用时空分析及冷热点分析法系统分析了不同类型农业面源污染时空演变及空间格局。【结果】结果表明：从时间上看，来自畜禽养殖和农村生活源的污染物排放量增加，来自种植业源的污染物排放量减小；从污染物排放类型来看，TN、COD、NH3-N排放增加，TP略微减少；从空间分布上看，污染物排放强度在峡门桥和金滩断面区域较小，进入新宁桥后整体较高；排放负荷贡献率为畜禽养殖业＞农村生活＞种植业，其中COD为首要污染物。从冷热点分析来看，热点区主要分布在桥头桥、新宁大通桥、西钢桥、西宁城东区，冷点区主要分布在金滩及三其桥区域，污染物排放强度整体轻微增加，但局部地区集聚程度减弱。【结论】区域农业面源污染程度及主要污染来源具有显著差异性，在防控措施方面，应重点关注畜禽养殖业的污染，尤其是COD的减排；在重点防控区域方面，应重点关注进入新宁桥断面后的区域，研究结果可为湟水流域农业面源污染防控治理提供理论依据和思路。 |
| 关键词: 湟水流域；农业面源污染；时空演变；冷热点分析；防控对策 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S276 |
| 基金项目:青海省应用基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-709)；国家自然科学基金青年科学(52109073) |
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| Analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution characteristics and spatial pattern in typical areas of Huangshui Basin |
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changxiaomin1, wangshaoli1, guanxiaoyan1, huangjiasheng2, jiahaifeng2, youlijun1
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1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;2..Qinghai water conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute
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| Abstract: |
| In order to clarify the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution emission and its pollution sources contribution in Huangshui basin, the emission coefficient method was used to quantitatively estimate the emission amount and intensity of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of 16 sub-units in the upstream control area of xiaoxiaqiao section of in the typical area of Huangshui main stream from 2010 to 2018, and then the methods of temporal and spatial analysis and cold and hot spot analysis were used to systematically analyze the temporal and spatial evolution and spatial pattern of different types of agricultural non-point source pollution. The results showed that: 1) in terms of time, the pollutant emissions from livestock and poultry breeding sources and rural living sources showed an increasing trend, while the planting sources showed a decreasing trend; The emissions and intensity of TN, COD and NH3-N increased, while TP decreased slightly; 2) In terms of spatial distribution, the emission intensity distribution of four types of pollutants is relatively concentrated, which is smaller in the Xiameng bridge and Jintan cross-section area, and higher as a whole after entering Xinning bridge section; The contribution rate of emission load is livestock and poultry breeding source > rural living source > planting source, in which COD is the primary pollutant; 3) From the analysis of cold and hot spots, the hot spots are mainly distributed in Qiaotou bridge, Xinning Datong bridge, Xigang bridge and the east area of Xining, and the cold spots are mainly distributed in Jintan and Sanqi bridge. The overall intensity of pollutant emission has increased slightly, but the degree of pollutant concentration in some areas has weakened. The degree of agricultural non-point source pollution and main pollution sources are different in various regions. In terms of prevention and control measures, we should focus on the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding industry, especially the emission reduction of COD; In terms of key prevention and control areas, we should focus on the areas after entering the xinningqiao section, so as to provide theoretical basis and ideas for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Huangshui basin. |
| Key words: Huangshui River Basin; Agricultural non-point source pollution; Temporal and spatial evolution; Cold and hot spot analysis; Prevention and Control Countermeasures |
