| 引用本文: | 赵黎明,郑殿峰,沈雪峰,等.水稻机插秧株行间缺穴对农艺性状的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):6-15. |
| ZHAO Liming,ZHENG Dianfeng,SHEN Xuefeng,et al.水稻机插秧株行间缺穴对农艺性状的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):6-15. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨机械化插秧条件下水稻常见缺穴类型和数量产生的品种、产量及其构成差异，为推广水稻机械化高效生产提供依据。【方法】试验在大田条件下，以空育131（KY131）和龙粳31（LJ31）为试验材料，通过人为去穴处理，设置植株间（P）和行间（R）2种处理方式，其中植株间处理设置株间独立型（PI）、株间间隔型（PS）和株间混合型（PM）；行间处理设置行间相对型（RR）、行间相互型（RP）、行间混合型（RM），分析不同品种和株行间缺穴对水稻产量的影响。【结果】在每平方米范围内，品种和缺穴类型在有效穗数、结实率、收获指数及籽粒产量上存在显著性差异。与CK相比，缺穴能够打破原有产量构成因素间平衡，降低有效穗数、粒数和籽粒产量，其中株间和行间缺穴处理的有效穗数平均降幅分别为13.45%和15.44%，籽粒产量平均降幅分别为10.50%和12.82%；缺穴还可以改变主茎形态性状的合理配置，并根据品种不同重新协同互补调节籽粒产量变化。不同缺穴数处理下，KY131结实率变幅大于LJ31，每平方米有效穗数、粒数、收获指数及籽粒产量随缺穴数增加而降低，产量降幅随缺穴数量增加而增加；同等缺穴处理下，行间缺穴产量降幅高于株间，KY131产量降幅大于LJ31，两品种平均降幅分别为13.01%和10.38%，导致产量降幅的主控因素分别是有效穗数和粒数。相关分析表明，缺穴数与籽粒产量呈极显著负相关，缺穴对KY131有效穗数和千粒质量的负向作用大于LJ31；每平方米有效穗数、粒数与籽粒产量极显著正相关，品种间有效穗数表现为KY131（0.954 7**）>LJ31（0.890 4**），粒数表现为LJ31（0.981 2**）>KY131（0.912 5**），株行间相关系数大小在品种间呈反向变化。【结论】通过人工模拟机插秧株行间缺穴对一定面积范围内水稻多个农艺性状产生负向作用，干扰农艺性状间协同互补，降低籽粒产量，不利于农机农艺的高效融合。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；缺穴；机械插秧；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021386 |
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| Effects of Missing Hole-seedling Between Plants and Rows in Mechanical Transplanting of Rice Seedlings on Agronomic Traits |
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ZHAO Liming, ZHENG Dianfeng, SHEN Xuefeng, FENG Naijie, HU Hanqiao, ZHOU Hang
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1. College of Coastal Agronomy, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
2. Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518116, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings often results in some holes being missed for the transplantation. Understanding their ultimate consequence for yield and yield components is important to help improve design and implementation of mechanical transplanting. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the effect of the types and number of such missing holes on yield and yield components of rice of different varieties. 【Method】 Rice varieties of Kongyu 131 (KY131) and Longjing 31 (LJ31) were used as the model plants in the experiment. For each variety, there were two missing hole-seedling treatments: inter-plant (P) and inter-row (R). For the inter-plant missing, there were further three types of missing: independent type (PI), spaced type (PS) and mixed type (PM), while for the inter-row missing, there were relative type (RR), reciprocal type (RP), and mixed type (RM). For each treatment, we measured yield and yield traits of rice.【Result】There were significant differences in effective panicle numbers, seed setting rate, harvest index and grain yield between the two varieties and treatments. Compared with CK (without missing), the treatments reduced the effective panicles, grain numbers and yield, with the average effective panicles reduced by 13.45% and 15.44% and the average grain yield by 10.50% and 12.82%, respectively, for the inter-plant and inter-row missing holes treatments. The missing holes also changed the allocation of morphological characters of the main stem and the grain yield, though the change varies with varieties. When the number of missing holes was the same, the variation in seed setting rate of KY131 was greater than that of LJ31, and the effective panicles, grain numbers, harvest index and grain yield all decrease with the increase in the missing holes. The yield falling range of inter-row was higher than that of inter-plant, and the yield of KY131 decreases more than that of LJ31, with the average yield reduction in the former and latter being 13.01% and 10.38%, respectively, compared to CK. The main determinant of yield reduction was effective panicles and grain numbers. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the missing holes and grain yield, with the effective panicles and 1 000-grain weight reduced being greater for KY131 than for LJ31. The number of effective panicles and grains per square meter was positively correlated with the grain yield at significant level, with the correlation coefficient for the effective panicles number being 0.954 7** and 0.890 4**, respectively, for KY131 and LJ31, the correlation coefficient for the grains number being 0.981 2** and 0.912 5**, respectively, for LJ31 and KY131. 【Conclusion】 The missing holes between plants and rows had a negative effect on many characters of rice, reduced the yield, and was not conducive to the effective combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy. |
| Key words: rice; missed hole-seedling; mechanized-transplanting; yield |
