| 引用本文: | 马耘秀,夏 露,范 毅,等.不同土地利用和地形条件对黄土丘陵区土壤水分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):77-84. |
| MA Yunxiu,XIA Lu,FAN Yi,et al.不同土地利用和地形条件对黄土丘陵区土壤水分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):77-84. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析不同土地利用和地形条件对黄土丘陵区土壤水分的影响。【方法】采用土钻法于2020年7—9月对山西省宁武县黄土丘陵区不同下垫面条件0~200 cm土层的土壤含水率进行测定，分析了土壤含水率时空变异性，并探讨了土地利用（人工林地、自然草地和耕地）、坡位（上坡位、下坡位和沟床）和坡向（阴坡和阳坡）对土壤含水率变化的影响。【结果】①时间上，土壤含水率变化受降水控制；在垂直空间上，上坡位和下坡位的样地随着土层深度的增加，其土壤含水率呈先递减后稳定或先递减后递增的规律，土壤含水率垂直变化分层大致按照速变层-活跃层-次活跃层-相对稳定层的顺序自上而下分布，而位于沟床位置的样地，其垂直变化规律复杂多变；②不同土地利用类型的土壤含水率变异性较大，在上坡位，不同土地利用土壤含水率相对大小为自然草地＞耕地＞人工林地，而在沟床位置，土壤含水率相对大小为人工林地＞耕地＞自然草地；③在地形条件中，坡位对土壤含水率影响显著，自上坡位到下坡位到沟床土壤含水率大致呈递增趋势；阴坡的土壤水分条件均优于阳坡。【结论】在研究区未来的生态恢复过程中，适宜在土壤水分条件较好的下坡位、沟床以及阴坡位置种植耗水量较大的人工林地，而在上坡位和阳坡适宜发展自然生态恢复模式。 |
| 关键词: 土壤水分；土地利用；坡位；坡向；黄土区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022097 |
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| The Combined Effects of Land Usage and Topography on Soil Moisture Change in a Loess Area |
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MA Yunxiu, XIA Lu, FAN Yi, GAO Yanyan
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1. National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; 2. Shanxi Fenhe Valley Management Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030012, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Soil water is the main water resource for plants grown in the semi-arid loess plateau in northwestern China. Understanding its dynamics in response to environment and management changes is important to improve its use efficiency. The aim of this paper is to investigate the combined effect of land usage and topography on soil moisture.【Method】The experiment was conducted at a loess area in Ningwu county, Shanxi province. We measured soil water content in the depth of 0~200 cm under different conditions from July to September in 2020. The effect of land usage including artificial forest, natural grassland and cultivated land, on soil moisture at different locations in slopes and slope direction was analyzed and discussed.【Result】①Temporal variation in soil moisture and precipitation was consistently correlated. With the increase in soil depth, soil moisture content decreased first followed by stabilization or increase at both the up-slope and the down-slope. In contrast, the change in soil moistures along the soil profiles in the gully bed was variable and did show any identifiable trend. ②Soil moisture content varied with land usage due to the difference in water consumption between the plants, with the soil moisture in the uphill varying with land usage in the order of natural grassland > cultivated land > artificial forest. In contrast, the soil moisture content at the gully bed varied with land usage in the order of forest land > cultivated land > natural grassland due to the low elevation of the artificial forest and its closeness to a river. ③On average, soil moisture content increased from the uphill to the gully bed, and the soil moisture in the shady slopes was greater than in the sunny slopes.【Conclusion】Our results show that to maintain soil moisture at ecologically functional levels, the best solution is to plant artificial forest with high water consumption at the downhill, gully bed and the shady slope, while letting the plants to grow naturally is suitable for the uphill and sunny slopes. |
| Key words: soil moisture; land use; slope position; slope direction; loess area |
