| 引用本文: | 刘鸿涛,屈忠义,向丹丹.矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):140-146. |
| LIU Hongtao,QU Zhongyi,XIANG Dandan.矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(9):140-146. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索利用仿生技术优化翼形量水槽，期望降低过槽水头损失、提高临界淹没度，以适用于更小比降的渠道，助力国家节水行动。【方法】15种流量条件下，试验观测量水槽进口到出口多个测流断面的水位，对机翼形量水槽和仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽自由出流工况下的水头损失、壅水高度、佛汝德数、临界比降等水力参数进行分析与对比。【结果】仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽平均测流误差为1.28%，具有较高的测流精度，满足规范要求；与机翼形量水槽相比，临界淹没工况：平均壅水高度、平均水头损失分别降低7.46%、5.81%；上游可形成平稳缓流，Fr均小于0.4；工作的最小渠道比降接近1/5 000，临界淹没度最大值达0.933。【结论】通过仿生优化方法改善量水槽性能可行，仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽各项量水性能指标优良，可用于大多数支渠、斗渠、农渠量水，在一定程度上解决了平原灌区渠道量水槽淹没出流误差大、阻水严重、适用范围小等问题，具有非常好的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 赛鸽翼；量水槽；壅水高度；水头损失；临界淹没度 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021428 |
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| Bionic Optimization of Wing-shaped Flume for Rectangular Channel Based on Experimental Study |
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LIU Hongtao, QU Zhongyi, XIANG Dandan
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1. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. School of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
3. Jilin Province Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering Lab, Changchun 130012, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Flume is a device to measure water flow in open channels. The purpose of this paper is to propose a bionic technology to optimize wing-shaped flume in attempts to reduce the head loss across the flume and improve the critical submergence degree for channels in areas with small topographic gradient.【Method】The experiments compared 15 flow conditions. The change in water levels from the inlet to the outlet of the flumes was measured. These enabled us to analyze the hydraulic parameters including water head loss, backwater height, Frude number and critical gradient, and to compare the performance of the original wing-shaped flume and the optimized imitation pigeon wing section curve type flume.【Result】The average error of the optimized imitation pigeon wing section curve type flume is 1.28%, meeting the requirements. Compared with the original wing-shaped flume, the critical submergence degree working condition, the average backwater height and the average head loss of the optimized flume are reduced by 7.46% and 5.81% respectively, the flow in the upstream became smoother with the Fr<0.4. The minimum the channel gradient at which the optimized flume can work with is close to 1/5 000, and the critical submergence degree is 0.933. 【Conclusion】It is feasible to improve the performance of the wing-shaped flume by bionic optimization. The performance of the optimized imitation pigeon wing section curve type flume works well for various channels. It can be used in branch canals, bucket canals and agricultural canals. It resolves the shortcomings of large inundation outflow, serious water obstruction often seen in traditional flumes. |
| Key words: racing pigeon wings; measuring flume; height of backwater; head loss; critical submergence degree |
