| 引用本文: | 马小茗,李瑞平,闫志远,等.基于植被指数研究适宜河套灌区作物生长的地下水范围及阈值[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(11):6-13. |
| MA Xiaoming,LI Ruiping,YAN Zhiyuan,et al.基于植被指数研究适宜河套灌区作物生长的地下水范围及阈值[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(11):6-13. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨地下水埋深及矿化度对作物生长的影响，分析适宜作物生长的地下水埋深和地下水矿化度范围及阈值。【方法】以河套灌区解放闸灌域为研究对象，利用决策树分类法提取解放闸灌域的作物种植结构。采用克里金插值法对地下水埋深进行区域化插值，对同一深度地下水对应的NDVI求取平均值并绘制曲线图；利用采样点处地下水矿化度与其对应的NDVI绘制散点图，综合分析得出适宜河套灌区解放闸灌域作物生长的地下水埋深范围与矿化度阈值。【结果】①研究区内玉米在拔节期、抽穗期以及灌浆期内适宜生长的地下水埋深范围分别为1.2~1.7、1.3~1.8 m和1.3~1.8 m；小麦在拔节期、抽穗期以及灌浆期内适宜生长的地下水埋深范围分别为1.1~1.6、1.1~1.6 m和1.2~1.7 m；适宜葵花现蕾期与灌浆期生长的地下水埋深范围分别为1.1~1.6 m和1.2~1.7 m。②研究区内适宜作物生长的地下水矿化度阈值为5.0 g/L；TDS≤3.0 g/L的地下水矿化度最适宜作物生长；3.05.0 g/L基本不适宜作物生长。【结论】地下水埋深过深或过浅以及地下水矿化度过大均会限制作物生长发育，只有适宜的地下水埋深和矿化度才有利于作物生长发育，应通过控制灌水量及灌溉水矿化度将地下水埋深及矿化度控制在适宜作物生长的范围内，减小地下水对作物生长的负面效应。 |
| 关键词: NDVI；作物生长；河套灌区；地下水埋深；地下水矿化度 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022251 |
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| Suitable Groundwater Depths for Crop Growth in Hetao Irrigation District |
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MA Xiaoming, LI Ruiping, YAN Zhiyuan, LI Xinlei, LI Zhengzhong, PAN Hongmei, WANG Xiangdong, LI Yumin
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1. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,
Hohhot 010018, China; 2. Shahao Canal Test Station, Jiefangzha Sub-center,
Water Conservancy Development Center of Hetao Irrigation District, Bayannur 015000, China;
3. Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District Water Conservancy Development Center Jiefangzha Sub-center, Bayannur 015000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Hetao irrigation district is one of the largest surface water-irrigation districts in north China. Keeping groundwater table below a critical depth is essential to preventing salt accumulation in the root zone, and the purpose of this paper is to study the suitable groundwater depth for healthy growth of different crops.【Method】The experimental area is at Jiefangzha within the irrigation district. Planting structure in the area was analyzed using decision tree classification method, and groundwater depth was estimated using the Kriging interpolation method, from which we calculated the mean NDVI. The suitable groundwater depth and salinity threshold for crops at different locations were obtained from the scatter diagram of groundwater salinity and its NDVI.【Result】①The suitable groundwater depth for maize at its jointing, heading and filling stages was 1.2~1.7, 1.3~1.8 m and 1.3~1.8 m, respectively, while for winter wheat, the suitable groundwater depth at its jointing, heading and filling stages was 1.1~1.6, 1.1~1.6 m and 1.2~1.7 m, respectively. The suitable groundwater depth for sunflower at its bud and filling stages was 1.1~1.6 m and 1.2~1.7 m, respectively. ②The groundwater salinity critical for crop growth is 5 g/L, with groundwater salinity in the range of TDS≤3 g/L, 35 g/L being most suitable, suitable and not suitable for crop growth, respectively.【Conclusion】Controlling groundwater table at suitable depths with groundwater salinity not exceeding the critical concentration is essential to improving groundwater use efficiency and sustaining crop production in Hetao Irrigation district. For the area we studied, the suitable groundwater depth varies with crops and their growth stages, but the critical groundwater salinity is approximately the same for all crops. |
| Key words: NDVI; crop growth; Hetao Irrigation area; groundwater depth; groundwater salinity |
