| 引用本文: | 邱虎森,刘杰云,甄 博,等.涝渍胁迫对土壤无机氮及氨氧化微生物的短期效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(11):30-36. |
| QIU Husen,LIU Jieyun,ZHEN Bo,et al.涝渍胁迫对土壤无机氮及氨氧化微生物的短期效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(11):30-36. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确涝渍排水过程对小麦花期根际与非根际土壤无机氮分配及氨氧化微生物的影响。【方法】在小麦花期进行涝渍胁迫试验，涝胁迫历时分别设置0、3、5 d；降渍胁迫历时设2 d，并在规定的降渍时间内将地下水位降到60 cm以下。【结果】通过对比涝胁迫结束、渍胁迫结束和渍后恢复2 d土壤无机氮量及参与氨氧化功能微生物拷贝数发现，与对照（CK）相比，涝胁迫时间的延长促进小麦根际与非根际土壤铵态氮的积累；涝胁迫降低根际与非根际土壤硝态氮量（P<0.05）。与CK相比，涝胁迫5 d显著降低根际土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA-amoA）基因拷贝数，并限制了渍胁迫及渍后恢复过程中氨氧化古菌生物量的恢复。与CK相比，涝胁迫处理显著提高根际土壤氨氧化细菌（AOB-amoA）基因拷贝数，却在渍胁迫及渍后恢复过程中显著降低AOB-amoA基因拷贝数（P<0.05）。冗余分析发现，在非根际土壤中，铵态氮和pH值显著影响氨氧化微生物群落（P<0.05）。逐步回归模型分析发现（P<0.05），在涝渍胁迫及渍后恢复过程中，非根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮均受氨氧化古菌的调控。但是，根际土壤含水率的降低不利于铵态氮的积累，却提高了硝态氮量。有效磷量的升高促进根际土壤铵态氮量的积累。【结论】短时间涝胁迫结束后，土壤无机氮量能很快恢复，追加磷肥可能有利于提高根际土壤可利用无机氮量。 |
| 关键词: 涝渍胁迫；铵态氮；硝态氮；氨氧化作用 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021459 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Short-term Effect of Waterlogging on Mineral Nitrogen and Ammonia-oxidizing Microorganisms in Soil |
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QIU Husen, LIU Jieyun, ZHEN Bo, NIU Qinglin, LI Huizhen, ZHOU Xinguo, WANG Yu
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1. School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234100, China;
2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Waterlogging is a common abiotic stress affecting crop growth and soil functions. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate short-term effect of waterlogging on mineral nitrogen and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of winter wheat. 【Method】 Waterlogging was imposed at the anthesis stage, and lasted 0 days, 3 days and 5 days, respectively. In each treatment, we measured the mineral nitrogen and the copy numbers of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the soil at the end of surface waterlogging, the end of subsurface waterlogging, as well as two days after the waterlogging completely eased.【Result】Compared with the control (without waterlogging), prolonged surface waterlogging promoted ammonium nitrogen and reduced nitrate nitrogen in both the rhizosphere and the bulk soil (P<0.05). Surface waterlogging lasting for 5 days significantly reduced the copy numbers of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA-amoA) gene in the rhizosphere but reduced the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria biomass after the waterlogging eased. Redundancy analysis showed that the ammonium nitrogen and pH significantly affected the community of the ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the bulk soil. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were both regulated by the ammonia-oxidizing archaea in the bulk soil during and after the waterlogging. In contrast, a decrease in water content in the rhizosphere did not show significant influence on ammonium nitrogen, but increased nitrate nitrogen. The increase in available phosphorus may accelerate the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen. 【Conclusion】Mineral nitrogen content in soil recovered quickly after short-term waterlogging, and applying phosphate fertilizer can improve mineral nitrogen in the rhizosphere of winter wheat. |
| Key words: waterlogging stress; ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; ammonium oxidation |
