控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响

王英; 刘景辉; 武俊英; 米俊珍; 孙梦媛; 张兰英; 冯学颖

引用本文:	王英,刘景辉,武俊英,等.控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,():-.
	WANG Ying,LIU Jinghui,WU Junying,et al.控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,():-.

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控释氮肥减量对糜子干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响
王英¹, 刘景辉¹, 武俊英², 米俊珍¹, 孙梦媛¹, 张兰英¹, 冯学颖¹
1.内蒙古农业大学农学院;2.内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院

摘要:

针对黄土高原旱作区糜子氮肥种类单一,“一炮轰”施肥造成肥料利用率低的问题,本研究以当地习惯施氮量尿素N 120kg/hm2⁽TN)为对照,设置控释氮肥N 120kg/hm2⁽T1)、108kg/hm2⁽T2)、96kg/hm2⁽T3)、84kg/hm2⁽T4)、72kg/hm2⁽T5)和不施肥(T0)七个处理,探究不同氮肥处理后糜子干物质积累分配、旗叶光合特性、SPAD、NBI及产量的变化规律,以期为控释氮肥在糜子生产中的应用提供理论依据及技术支撑。结果表明：施氮肥显著提高了糜子各生育期干物质积累量及旗叶光合能力。与常规尿素施用相比,控释氮肥等量施用可提高糜子生育中后期干物质积累量4.44%~8.77%,增加成熟期干物质分配到穗中的比例1.58%~2.75%,且年际间结果基本一致；施用控释氮肥提高了糜子旗叶叶绿素含量和氮平衡指数分别达2.19%~5.05%和2.66%~8.34%,两年平均提高糜子灌浆期净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别为3.90%、6.40%和4.20%,降低胞间CO2浓度达4.45%。随着控释氮肥减量,糜子干物质积累及光合性能均下降,并在减氮20%时显著低于TN处理。糜子旗叶SPAD和NBI与干物质积累量、净光合速率及产量均表现出相关性,其中NBI在拔节期和成熟期与产量均呈极显著正相关。施用等量控释氮肥可显著提高糜子产量4.42%,增加净收益121~280元/hm2^,控释氮肥减量10%~20%时糜子产量与TN差异不显著,减量30%~40%时糜子产量显著降低3.19%~5.23%。综上所述,在黄土高原丘陵区糜子生产中施用控释氮肥较尿素表现出了更高的增产及减氮潜力。

关键词: 干物质积累分配、氮平衡指数、净光合速率、叶绿素含量

DOI：

分类号:S513

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04-02)

Effect of controlled-release N fertilizer reduction on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of millets

WANG Ying¹, LIU Jinghui¹, WU Junying², MI Junzheng¹, SUN Mengyuan¹, ZHANG Lanying¹, FENG Xueying¹

1.College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University;2.Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi Town

Abstract:

To address the problem of single type of N fertilizer and low fertilizer utilization rate of millets in the dry crop area of Loess Plateau, this experiment set up controlled-release N fertilizer N 120kg/hm2 (T1), 108kg/hm2 (T2), 96kg/hm2 (T3), 84kg/hm2 (T4), 72kg/hm2 (T5) and no fertilizer (T0) as the control. T5) and no fertilizer (T0) to investigate the changes of dry matter accumulation distribution, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf, SPAD, NBI and yield of millets after different N fertilizer treatments, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of controlled-release N fertilizer in millets production. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf at all fertility stages of millets. Compared with the application of urea, the equal amount of controlled-release N fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in the middle and late stages of millets by 4.44%-8.77%, and increased the proportion of dry matter allocated to the spike at maturity by 1.58%-2.75%, and the results were basically consistent between years. The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index of millets flag leaves by 2.19%~5.05% and 2.66%~8.34%, respectively, compared with the equivalent amount of urea, and increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of millets at the filling stage by 3.90%, 6.40% and 4.20%, respectively, and reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration by 4.45% on average in both years. The dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic performance of millets decreased with the reduction of controlled-release N fertilizer and was significantly lower than that of TN treatment at 20% N reduction. Millets flag leaf SPAD and NBI showed correlations with dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate and yield, with NBI showing highly significant positive correlations with yield at both the nodulation and maturity stages and having the potential to predict millets yield. Application of equal amount of controlled-release N fertilizer significantly increased millets yield by 4.42%, and the difference between millets yield and TN was not significant at 10%-20% reduction of controlled-release N fertilizer, and significantly reduced by 3.19%-5.23% at 30%-40% reduction of millets yield. In conclusion, the application of controlled-release N fertilizer in millets production in the hilly areas of Loess Plateau showed higher potential for yield increase and N reduction than urea, and a single base application of controlled-release N fertilizer was beneficial to improve the yield level of millets while increasing N fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Key words: Dry matter accumulation distribution; Nitrogen balance index; Net photosynthetic rate; Chlorophyll content