| 引用本文: | 唐文雪,马忠明,陈 娟,等.氮肥运筹对河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌水稻产量、氮肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(S2):1-8. |
| TANG Wenxue,MA Zhongming,CHEN Juan,et al.氮肥运筹对河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌水稻产量、氮肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(S2):1-8. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索氮肥运筹对水稻产量、氮肥利用率的影响。【方法】在河西绿洲灌区张掖节水农业试验站设置5个施氮水平和3种施氮策略的田间试验，研究不同施氮量及施氮策略对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育、产量、产量构成因子及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】施氮量对水稻有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量等产量构成因子均有显著影响，可显著提高膜下滴灌水稻产量。与N0处理相比，N1、N2、N3、N4处理产量显著提高33.50%、45.60%、39.20%、30.63%，并且施氮处理间差异显著。施氮量为225 kg/hm2时，水稻产量最高，为5 622.8 kg/hm2。适当的氮肥后移可显著提高水稻的有效穗数，形成水稻高产。N2B处理有效穗数比N2A、N2C处理显著提高16.72%、7.32%，产量提高4.88%、2.54%。水稻氮肥利用率与施氮量具有显著负相关关系，施氮量为225 kg/hm2时，水稻氮素吸收利用各项指标显著低于N1处理，但显著高于N3、N4处理。并且增施水稻穗肥、粒肥可显著提高氮肥利用率。N2B处理氮肥吸收利用率达到35.81%，比N2A、N2C处理提高21.02%、11.73%。【结论】施氮量为225 kg/hm2，基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥投入比例为15%∶30%∶40%∶15%是河西绿洲灌区既保证水稻高产，又保证氮肥高效利用的适宜施氮量和施氮策略。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；水稻；产量；产量构成因子；氮肥利用率；氮肥运筹 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022480 |
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| Effects of Nitrogen Management on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Rate under Drip Irrigation in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area |
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TANG Wenxue, MA Zhongming, CHEN Juan, LUO Shuanglong
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1. Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3. Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To explore the effect of the optimal nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management on nitrogen fertilizer utilization and rice yield under drip irrigation.【Method】Five nitrogen application levels and three nitrogen fertilizer planning and management methods were set for field trials at the Zhangye Water-saving Agricultural Experimental Station of the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area, aiming to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates and nitrogen fertilizer planning and management methods on rice growth, yield, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under drip irrigation.【Result】Nitrogen rate had a significant impact on rice yield components such as effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, ripening rate, and 1000-grain weight, and can significantly improve rice yield under drip irrigation. Compared with N0 treatment, N1, N2, N3, and N4 treatments significantly increased rice yield by 33.50%, 45.60%, 39.20%, and 30.63%, respectively, with significant differences between the nitrogen treatments. Rice yield was highest (5 622.8 kg/hm2) when the nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/hm2. Nitrogen fertilizer planning and management methods can significantly affect the effective panicle number of rice. Among the three planning and management methods, N2B contributed the highest yield. The effective panicle number of rice can be significantly increased by the appropriate rear shift of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in a high rice yield. The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was significantly and negatively correlated with the nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/hm2, the nitrogen uptake and utilization indicators in rice were significantly lower than those of N1 treatment but significantly higher than those of N3 and N4 treatments. Meanwhile, the addition of rice panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer can significantly improve the absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. 【Conclusion】 It was proposed through comprehensive analysis that the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area will see high rice yield and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate, as well as planning and management method for efficient utilization when the nitrogen application rate is 225 kg/hm2 and the input percentage of basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer are 15%∶30%∶ 40%∶15%. |
| Key words: drip irrigation with plastic film mulching; rice; yield; yield construction; nitrogen use efficiency; nitrogen management |
