| 引用本文: | 李 红,宋秀华,陈 超,等.注入式水肥一体化装置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):1-7. |
| LI Hong,SONG Xiuhua,CHEN Chao,et al.注入式水肥一体化装置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):1-7. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为实现固体肥的水肥一体化，设计运行稳定、施肥均匀性高的水肥一体化装置并在设计的样机上进行试验，对注入式水肥一体化装置结构及加肥部分进行设计，分析装置运行过程参数。【方法】对装置的运行参数进行了试验测定，并采用控制变量法探究了装置的工作参数对肥液浓度均匀性的影响。通过试验探究了装置的施肥性能，并与压差施肥罐进行了对比。【结果】注入式水肥一体化装置能正常工作运行，样机的注肥流量为300 L/h，加肥流量与步进电机转速成正比；本装置的搅拌速度越快、加肥流量越小、供水流量越大，肥液质量浓度均匀性就越高，且本装置施用5 kg复合肥时的最优搅拌速度为400 rpm；本装置在供水流量分别为1.5、1.0 m3/h和0.5 m3/h时，施完10 kg复合肥的施肥质量浓度偏差分别为51.67%、55.07%和52.75%，与压差施肥罐相比，本装置施完10 kg复合肥施肥质量浓度偏差总体小50%，出口肥液质量浓度的稳定性和均匀性远高于压差施肥罐。【结论】注入式水肥一体化装置能有效实现固体肥的水肥一体化，并将溶解的肥液持续注入到管道中；与同类型施肥设备相比本装置施肥均匀性高、施肥速度快，具有很强的工程应用价值。 |
| 关键词: 固体肥；水肥一体化；管道灌溉；施肥均匀性 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022307 |
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| An Injected Fertigation Device |
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LI Hong, SONG Xiuhua, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Zhiyang, XIA Huameng
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National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Fertigation has the advantage of delivering water and fertilizers simultaneously into the root zones to maximize their uptake by crops. It has seen a rapid application in China. Typical fertilization devices consist of a pressure tank, a Venturi fertilizer applicator, a proportional fertilizer pump and a fertilizer injection pump, but most of them can only use soluble fertilizers. The purpose of this paper is to present the prototype of an injected fertigation device that uses solid fertilizers.【Method】 We redesigned the structure and fertilization part of fertigation device, and then analyzed and tested its operation parameters, including their influence on uniformity of fertilizer application. We compared its performance with that of the conventional pressure tank. 【Result】 The injected fertigation device works well. Its fertilizer injection flow rate is 300 L/h and the fertilizer-feeding flow rate is proportional to the speed of the stepper motor. Increasing mixing speed of the device improves the uniformity of the fertilizer concentration; the optimal mixing speed is 400 rpm. Reducing fertilizer-feeding flow rate improves uniformity of the fertilizer concentration, and increasing the water flow rate can also enhance the uniformity of the fertilizer liquid concentration. When the water flow rate is 1.5 m3/h, 1.0 m3/h and 0.5 m3/h, the fertilization concentration deviation after applying 10 kg of compound fertilizer is 51.67%, 55.07% and 52.75%, respectively, and their associated fertilization concentration deviation is 50% smaller than that of the pressure tank ovverall. The stability and uniformity of the outlet fertilizer concentration in the device is much higher than those using the conventional pressure tank. 【Conclusion】The injected fertigation device can dispose of solid fertilizer into the irrigation pipe where it dissolves. Compared with similar fertigation devices that use soluble fertilizers, the new device has the advantage of high fertilization uniformity and fast disposing of fertilizers. |
| Key words: solid fertilizer; fertigation; pipe irrigation; fertilization uniformity |
