| 引用本文: | 纪仁婧,胡梦阳,和玉璞,等.生物炭施用对节水灌溉稻田土壤养分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):47-53. |
| JI Renjing,HU Mengyang,HE Yupu,et al.生物炭施用对节水灌溉稻田土壤养分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):47-53. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究施用生物炭对节水灌溉条件下稻田土壤养分的影响，为提升稻田土壤肥力、制定稻田水碳调控策略提供技术指导。【方法】在控制灌溉条件下，设置0、10、20、40 t/hm2共4个生物炭施用水平，分别记为CK、CL、CM、CH处理，分析不同生物炭施用水平对节水灌溉条件下稻田土壤养分特征的影响。【结果】施用生物炭后，各处理稻田土壤有机质、有机碳量由大到小依次为：CH处理>CM处理>CL处理>CK。2018年，CH、CM、CL处理下的水稻生育期土壤平均铵态氮量分别比CK增加1.52、0.61、0.39 g/kg，2019年分别比CK处理减少2.01、1.71、0.99 g/kg；施用分蘖肥后，CK条件下的稻田土壤铵态氮量上升速率最高，CH、CM、CL处理下的稻田土壤铵态氮量变化速率差异较小；施用穗肥后，2018年各处理土壤铵态氮量上升速率较为接近，2019年上升速率为CK>CL处理>CM处理>CH处理。综合2 a试验结果，CH、CM、CL处理下的稻田土壤硝态氮量的平均值比CK降低了32.34%、19.45%、9.21%。【结论】施用生物炭对节水灌溉条件下的稻田土壤有机质、有机碳量的提升效果与生物炭施用量呈正相关，且随水稻生育进程的推进而逐渐下降；新鲜生物炭可增加稻田土壤铵态氮量，而老化生物炭的作用效果则相反；施用生物炭可降低稻田土壤硝态氮量，且硝态氮量与生物炭施加量呈负相关；施用生物炭可在一定程度上减缓施肥后稻田土壤铵态氮量的上升速度，对施肥后关键期内稻田氮素损失量的控制具有积极作用。 |
| 关键词: 节水灌溉；生物炭；稻田；土壤养分 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022376 |
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| Effects of Biochar Amendment on Bioavailable Nutrients in Paddy Soil |
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JI Renjing, HU Mengyang, HE Yupu, SHI Yuanzhi, SONG Haochen, FENG Zhengchao
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1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,
Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China;
2. College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China;
3. Gaochun Water Authority, Nanjing 211300, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Biochar is often used in soil amendment to improve soil quality and productivity. The objective of this paper is to investigate its efficacy in improving soil nutrients in a water-saving irrigated paddy soil. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in a paddy field with controlled irrigation. It consisted of four biochar treatments: 0 (CK), 10 (CL), 20 (CM) and 40 t/hm2 (CH). In each treatment, we measured soil organic matter and mineral nitrogen. 【Result】 Amending the soil with biochar increased soil organic carbon and the increase was in the order of CH>CM>CL>CK. The impact of biochar amendment on soil mineral nitrogen varied. Compared to CK, CH, CM and CL increased ammonium by 1.52, 0.61 and 0.39 g/kg, respectively, in 2018, while reduced them by 2.01, 1.71 and 0.99 g/kg, respectively, in 2019. After fertilizer application at the tillering stage, CK saw the fastest increase in ammonium, while the ammonium in other treatments was comparable. After fertilizer application at the spiking stage in 2019, ammonium content was comparable with that in 2018, and its content in other treatments in 2019 was ranked in the order of CK>CL>CM>CH. The two-year experiment showed that CH, CM and CL reduced nitrate content by 32.34%, 19.45% and 9.21%, respectively, compared to CK.【Conclusion】 The effect of biochar amendment on soil organic carbon in the water-saving irrigated paddy field was positively correlated with the biochar amount, but decreased as time elapsed. The biochar increased ammonium content only at the early stage after the amendment, but it reduced nitrate nitrogen content. Nitrate content was negatively correlated with biochar amendment amount. The biochar slows down the increase of ammonium following fertilization, thereby reducing nitrogen loss. |
| Key words: water saving irrigation; biochar; paddy field; soil nutrients |
