| 引用本文: | 王钰婷,田广丽,田雨雨,等.生物质炭添加量对盐碱土壤特性及棉花苗期生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):72-79. |
| WANG Yuting,TIAN Guangli,TIAN Yuyu,et al.生物质炭添加量对盐碱土壤特性及棉花苗期生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(1):72-79. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同生物质炭添加量对盐碱土壤特性及棉花苗期生长的影响，为生物质炭在盐碱地上的应用提供科学的理论依据。【方法】通过桶栽试验，以棉花（中S9612）为研究对象，设置添加生物质炭量0%（BC0）、1%（BC1）、3%(BC3)和5%(BC5)4个处理，分析了生物质炭对盐碱土壤水盐运移、土壤基本理化指标、土壤酶活性和棉花苗期生长指标的影响。【结果】与BC0处理相比，生物质炭可以提高0~20 cm土层质量含水率，质量含水率的增加量与生物质炭添加量成反比，但对20~30 cm土层质量含水率无显著影响；生物质炭能够降低0~20 cm土层土壤含盐量；生物质炭对土壤pH、全磷（TP）和速效磷无显著影响；对土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全钾（TK）、速效钾、过氧化物酶（POD）和纤维二糖苷酶（FTG）有显著正影响，且BC1处理的POD和FTG活性增加最显著；但对土壤碱解氮和多酚氧化酶（PPO）存在显著负影响；BC1处理显著增加苗期棉花的茎粗和地上部干物质量，对株高无显著影响，BC3处理对棉花株高、茎粗和地上部干物质量都无显著影响，BC5处理显著降低了苗期棉花的株高、茎粗和地上部干物质量；且添加生物质炭引起棉花茎叶全氮量的减少。【结论】生物质炭可以增加土壤养分，提高土壤部分酶活性，但只有1%生物质炭添加量对棉花苗期生长具有促进作用，5%生物质炭添加量反而会抑制作物生长。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱土壤；生物质炭；土壤基本理化特性；土壤酶活性；作物生长 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022168 |
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| Optimizing Biochar Amendment to Improve Soil Property and Cotton Seedling Growth in Saline Soils |
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WANG Yuting, TIAN Guangli, TIAN Yuyu, ZHAO Qingqing, ZHEN Bo, LI Huizhen, ZHOU Xinguo
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;
2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Soil salinization is a biotic stress facing agriculture production in almost all countries. It not only destroys soil structure but also reduces bioavailable nutrients and the ability of soil to sequester carbon. Amending stalinized soil with biochar is a technology to improve soil quality and productivity, but its efficacy depends on soil texture and the amount of biochar being applied. The objective of this paper is to study the optimal biochar amendment for improving soil quality and fertility for cotton growth. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in pots with the cultivar Medium S9612 used as the model plant. The soil was amended by biochar at ratios of 0 (CK), 1% (BC1), 1%(BC1), 3% (BC3) and 5% (BC5), respectively. In each treatment, we measured physicochemical properties, enzyme activities of the soil, as well as growth indexes of the cotton at seedling stage. 【Result】Biochar amendment improved moisture content in the 0~20 cm soil layer, but the increase was negatively correlated with biochar amount; biochar also reduced salt content in the 0~20 cm soil layer. The amendment did not show significant effect on soil pH, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, but increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, peroxidase (POD), and fibro two glycosidases (FTG), especially BC1 which significantly increased the activity of POD and FTG. In general, biochar reduced soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). BC1 increased stem diameter and above-ground dry matter accumulation of the crop, both significantly, but did not show noticeable impact on plant height. BC3 did not show significant effects on plant height, stem thickness, and above-ground dry matter, while BC5 reduced plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground dry matter. Also, addition of biochar reduced the total nitrogen content in stems and leaves. 【Conclusion】Biochar can improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities but only when applied at an appropriate ratio. For the saline soil we studied, the optimal biochar amendment was 1%. |
| Key words: saline soil; biochar; soil physicochemical properties; soil enzyme activities; crop growth |
