| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确不同灌溉模式下普通尿素与控释尿素配施对水稻干物质积累、分配和产量的影响。【方法】以“超级稻-两优152”为供试作物，采取完全随机设计，灌溉方式设置常规灌溉（CF）和干湿交替灌溉（AWD）2种，氮肥配施模式设置100%普通尿素（N1），60%控释尿素+40%普通尿素（N2）和100%控释尿素（N3），施氮总量均为240 kg/hm2。测定不同处理组合下各生育期水稻叶片SPAD值、株高、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质量、茎蘖数、籽粒产量及其构成因素。【结果】同一施氮模式下，与CF处理相比，AWD处理下拔节—灌浆期水稻叶片的SPAD值、作物生长速率、茎蘖成穗率、干物质积累量及其向籽粒的分配比例增加。同一灌溉模式下，与N1处理相比，N2、N3处理的茎蘖成穗率、作物生长速率、干物质积累量、穗粒数、千粒质量、结实率及籽粒产量增加，其中N2处理籽粒产量的增加幅度要高于N3处理。整体来看，与其他处理相比，AWDN2处理获得较高的SPAD值、茎蘖成穗率、作物生长速率、干物质积累量、收获指数、穗粒数、千粒质量、结实率和籽粒产量。【结论】干湿交替灌溉耦合60%控释尿素+40%普通尿素有利于减少水稻的无效分蘖，改善植株的氮营养状况，促进干物质的积累及其向籽粒的分配，从而提高产量。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；干湿交替灌溉；控释尿素；收获指数；干物质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022242 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| The Combined Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Dry Matter and Yield of Rice |
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PAN Chen, YANG Yu, QI Dongliang
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College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Nitrogen uptake and its translocation in crops is modulated by soil water. In this paper, we studied the combined impact of different irrigations and fertilizations on dry matter accumulation and yield of rice.【Method】The experiment was carried out in the field, with the variety Liangyou 152 used as the model plant. The experiments consisted of two irrigation methods: conventional irrigation (CF) and alternating wet and dry irrigation (AWD). For reach irrigation method, there were three nitrogen applications: 240 kg/hm2 of traditional urea (N1), 144 kg/hm2 controlled-release urea + 96 kg/hm2 traditional urea (N2), and 240 kg/hm2 controlled-release urea (N3). For each treatment, we measured the change in SPAD in the leaves, plant height and the total numbers of heads, dry matter accumulation in each organ at the panicle extraction and maturity stages, as well as grain yield and its formation.【Result】When nitrogen application was the same, AWD increased SPAD, crop growth, tillering panicle formation rate, dry matter accumulation and distribution ratio of rice leaves from jointing to filling stages. When irrigation was the same, compared to N1, N2 and N3 increased the stem tillering panicle formation rate, crop growth rate, dry matter accumulation, the numbers of grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, fruiting rate and grain yield; the yield of N2 was higher than that of N3. Overall, AWD+N2 increased SPAD, stem tiller panicle rate, crop growth rate, dry matter accumulation, harvest index, panicle number, 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, and grain yield of rice, compared with other treatments.【Conclusion】Alternating wet and dry irrigation combined with fertilization of 144 kg/hm2 controlled-release urea + 96 kg/hm2 traditional urea is most effective to reduce ineffective tillering, improve nitrogen in the crop, and promote dry matter accumulation and its translocation to rice grains. |
| Key words: rice; alternate wetting and drying irrigation; controlled-release urea; harvest index; dry matter |
