| 引用本文: | 李荣承,万书勤,李晓彬,等.浅埋地下滴灌施肥灌溉对苜蓿生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Rongcheng,WAN Shuqin,LI Xiaobin,et al.浅埋地下滴灌施肥灌溉对苜蓿生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】为获得适合呼伦贝尔地区浅埋地下滴灌苜蓿的施肥灌溉制度，【方法】采用田间试验的方法，以当地苜蓿高产施肥方案（每茬苜蓿施入磷酸二铵240 kg/hm2、硫酸钾150 kg/hm2）为基础，设置了30%、50%、70%、90%、110%和130%等不同施肥比例的处理，研究浅埋地下滴灌施肥灌溉不同施肥比例对土壤水分和养分分布、土壤养分浓度变化、苜蓿生长指标、鲜草产量、肥料偏生产力和灌溉水利用效率等的影响规律。【结果】①发现浅埋地下滴灌施肥灌溉条件下，当控制距离地表20cm深度（正对滴头下方10cm深度）土壤基质势阈值为－20kPa时，0~40cm土层范围内的土壤含水率高，0~20cm土层中硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷浓度高，为苜蓿的生长发育提供了良好的土壤水分和养分条件。②与试验开始前土壤基础养分浓度相比，施肥灌溉1、2年后，所有施肥比例处理0~10cm土层硝态氮浓度增加，10cm以下土层中硝态氮浓度减少；110%和130%处理，0~60cm土层铵态氮浓度显著增大，0~30cm土层速效磷浓度增加；50%处理0~60cm土层铵态氮浓度和速效磷浓度基本保持不变。③不同施肥比例处理苜蓿的茎粗、分枝数、茎叶比等生长指标没有显著差异；随着施肥比例的增大，苜蓿鲜草产量有直线增加的趋势，肥料偏生产力直线降低，灌溉水利用效率有直线升高的趋势。【结论】综合考虑土壤养分浓度变化、肥料偏生产力和苜蓿鲜草产量，对于1~3年生的苜蓿，施肥量只要为当地苜蓿高产推荐施肥量的50%，苜蓿就能获得高产和高水肥利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 人工草地;浅埋地下滴灌施肥灌溉制度;灌溉水利用效率;肥料偏生产力 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6；S541 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项课题；中国科学院前沿研究项目 |
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| Effects of fertigation with shallow subsurface drip irrigation on growth and yield of alfalfa |
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LI Rongcheng, WAN Shuqin, LI Xiaobin, KANG Yaohu
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Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】To obtain the fetigation schedule suitable for shallow subsurface drip irrigation of alfalfa in Hulunbuir area, 【Method 】Field experiment was conducted to establish different fertilization rates of 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 110% and 130% based on the high yield fertilization scheme of local alfalfa (240 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 150 kg/hm2 of potassium sulfate per alfalfa crop). The effects of different fertilization rates on soil water and nutrient distribution, soil nutrient content changes, alfalfa growth, fresh grass yield, fertilizer productivity, and irrigation water use efficiency were studied.【 Results 】① It was found that under the condition of shallow subsurface drip irrigation, when the threshold of the soil matrix potential was -20 kPa at a depth of 20 cm from the surface (10 cm below the drip emitter directly), the soil moisture content in the 0-40 cm soil layer was high, and the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm soil layer were high. This provided a good soil moisture and nutrient condition for alfalfa growth and development. ② Compared with the basic soil nutrient concentration before the experiment, after 1 and 2 years of fertigation, the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the 0-10 cm soil layer increased, while the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil layer below 10 cm decreased. For the 110% and 130% treatments, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased significantly, and the concentration of available phosphorus in the 0-30 cm soil layer increased. For the 50% treatment, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in the 0-60 cm soil layer remained unchanged. ③ There were no significant differences in stem diameter, number of branching, stem-leaf ratio and other growth indices of alfalfa on different fertilization ratios. With the increase of the fertilization ratio, the alfalfa fresh yield had a tendency to increase linearly, the fertilizer productivity decreased linearly, and the irrigation water use efficiency had a tendency to increase linearly.【 Conclusion 】Considering the changes of soil nutrient content, fertilizer productivity and fresh yield of alfalfa, alfalfa with 1~3 years old can obtain high yield and high water and fertilizer use efficiency when the fertilizer application rate is 50% of the local recommended fertilizer application amount for high yield of alfalfa. |
| Key words: artificial pasture; Shallow subsurface drip fertigation schedule; irrigation water use efficiency; fertilizer productivity |
