| 引用本文: | 肖 新,邹志科,陈燕飞,等.南方平原区水肥调控下水稻节水减排效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(4):67-73. |
| XIAO Xin,ZOU Zhike,CHEN Yanfei,et al.南方平原区水肥调控下水稻节水减排效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(4):67-73. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示南方平原区水肥调控下的水稻节水减排效应。【方法】基于田间试验，设置传统淹灌（W0）和间歇灌溉（W1）2种灌溉模式，不施氮（N0）、减量施氮（N1，135 kg/hm2）及常规施氮（N2，180 kg/hm2）3种施氮水平，分析不同水肥调控方案下的水稻节水、增产、控污和减排效应。【结果】灌溉模式影响水稻灌水量、渗漏量和排水量，W1模式相比W0模式下的水稻灌水量减少18.12%~28.37%，渗漏量减少13.68%~22.85%，平均节水28.77%。在N1、N2施氮水平下，W1处理相比W0处理的水稻平均增产分别达到16.57%与29.94%。与W0模式相比，W1模式下的TN排放负荷量平均减少25.67%。同一灌溉模式下，TN排放负荷量随着施氮量的增加而增加。施氮水平对氨挥发总量有显著影响，而灌溉模式和水肥交互作用对氨挥发总量的影响不显著。【结论】最优的水肥交互模式为W1N1处理，相对于当地传统模式可使水稻增产9.82%，节水27.54%，控污25.67%，减排11.90%。 |
| 关键词: 节水减排；水肥交互；氨挥发；稻田；灌溉模式 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022409 |
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| Improveing Irrigation and Fertilization to Reduce Water Usage and Nitrogen Pollution from Rice Fields in Southern China |
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XIAO Xin, ZOU Zhike, CHEN Yanfei, LUO Wenbing, LI Yalong,
YANG Zirong, ZOU Chuanlin, DENG Hailong, FU Taoxiu
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1. Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; 2. Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
3. Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; 4. Jiangxi Center Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang 330201, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Agriculture is responsible for 8.5% of greenhouse gasses emitted to the atmosphere. Improving agricultural management and reducing gas emissions from soils is hence important in the fight against global warming. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different irrigation and fertigation on reducing nitrogen losses from rice fields in Poyang Lake Basin in southern China.【Method】The field experiment was conducted at the Ganfu Plain Irrigation Area located at the Irrigation Experiment Center Station of Jiangxi Province. It consisted of an intermittent irrigation (W1) and a flooding irrigation (W0), each irrigation treatment had three nitrogen fertilizations: no fertilization (N0), fertilizing 135 kg/hm2 (N1), and 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen (N2). Rice growth, its associated water use efficiency, and nitrogen emissions from each treatment were measured during the experiment.【Result】Irrigation impacted water consumption and leakage. Compared with W0, W1 reduced irrigation water usage by 18.12%~28.37%, water leakage by 13.68% to 22.85%, and saved water by 28.77%. Depending on nitrogen application, W1 treatments increased the average yield by 16.57% to 29.94% and reduced average nitrogen emissions by16.42%, compared to the W0 treatments. Increasing nitrogen fertilization led to an increase in nitrogen emission when the irrigation was the same; fertilization had a significant effect on ammonia volatilization. Irrigation-fertilization did not show a significant interactive impact on ammonia volatilization.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation and fertilization for rice production in Poyang Lake Basin was intermittent irrigation coupled with fertilizing 135 kg/hm2 of N. Compared to W0+N2 – flooding irrigation with 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization, the optimal irrigation and fertigation can increase rice yield by 9.82%, reduce irrigation amount, nitrogen pollution and nitrogen emissions by 27.54%, 25.67% and 11.90%, respectively. |
| Key words: water saving and emission reduction; water and fertilizer interaction; ammonia volatilization; paddy field; irrigation mode |
