| 引用本文: | 胡明宇,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.U形渠道平板闸门过流能力试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(4):116-122. |
| HU Mingyu,WANG Wen’e,HU Xiaotao,et al.U形渠道平板闸门过流能力试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(4):116-122. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】实现U形渠道闸门测流，设计U形渠道平板闸门并进行试验研究，分析其水力性能，建立流量公式。【方法】流量范围10~50 L/s内，控制闸门开度e，进行U形渠道平板闸门过流能力试验，根据沿程水深、佛汝德数Fr、水头损失等水力参数分析了U形平板闸门孔流与堰流分界点的判定依据及过流能力，建立了不同流态的闸孔出流公式。【结果】U形平板闸门孔堰流判定依据相对开度e/H（H为闸前稳定水头）接近1，Fr沿程分布规律较统一，平均相对水头损失达7%，流量公式误差小于3.5%，不易出现自由出流。【结论】U形平板闸门水头损失较小，水力性能较优，流量公式的测流精度较高，可为灌区U形渠道流量测量提供依据。 |
| 关键词: U形渠道；闸门；水力性能；闸孔出流；量水 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022326 |
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| Experimental Study of Flow Characteristics Through Sluice Gates in U-Shaped Channels |
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HU Mingyu, WANG Wen’e, HU Xiaotao, WANG Shilong, FAN Kai, LIU Dukun
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Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,
Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Flow measurement through sluice gates in U-Shaped channels depends on a range of factors. We experimentally measured the characteristics of flow through the gates under different designs and working conditions, and then derived a formula using these data to estimate flow rates based on hydraulic characteristics of the gate and channel, as well as the working conditions.【Method】The experiments were conducted by controlling the flow rates from 10 to 50 L/s. The critical ratio of orifice flow to weir flow, as well as the flow capacity were analyzed utilizing hydraulic parameters, including water surface line, Froude number, and water head loss across the gate. These parameters were used in the orifice flow formula to calculate the flow rate.【Result】The critical ratio of orifice flow to weir flow was close to 1, the Froude number was uniformly distributed along the flow path, and the average relative head loss across the gate was 7%. Compared to the measured data, the error of the derived formula was less than 3.5%.【Conclusion】The sluice gate for the U-Shaped channel works well, and water head loss across it is minor. The derived formula for calculating flow rate is accurate. These results are helpful for designing U-shaped channels in irrigation areas and calculating flow rates through them. |
| Key words: U-shaped channel; sluice gate; hydraulic characteristics; orifice flow; flow measurement |
