| 引用本文: | 王茜,董世德,崔光旭,等.咸淡水交替滴灌对滨海盐渍土水盐动态和作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Wang Qian,Dong Shide,Cui Guangxu,et al.咸淡水交替滴灌对滨海盐渍土水盐动态和作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了研究黄河三角洲地区不同咸淡水交替滴灌频率对土壤水盐分布状况和作物生长的影响。【方法】以毛叶苕子—玉米轮作为研究对象，开展两季作物咸、淡水交替滴灌田间试验。试验分为5个咸淡水交替滴灌频率处理，对应的咸(咸水矿化度4 g/L左右)、淡(淡水矿化度1 g/L左右)水灌溉频率比分别为0:1、1:3、1:1、3:1和1:0(T1~T5)。【结果】在非雨季土壤水分动态主要受灌溉控制，随着咸水灌溉频率的增加，土壤盐分显著增加；雨季土壤水分动态主要受降雨影响，各处理盐分逐渐降低。整体来看，0~20 cm土层盐分在苕子季逐渐增加，并在翻压前达到最高，随后在玉米季逐渐降低，在玉米收获期降低到试验前水平，周年盐分维持平衡；20~60 cm土层盐分在T1~T4处理从毛叶苕子返青期到玉米成熟期均呈下降趋势，分别下降26.14%、11.61%、13.17%、6.43%，而T5则增加21.26%。毛叶苕子鲜草产量和干物质产量随咸水灌溉频率的增加而降低，与T1相比，T2~T4间无显著差异，而T5分别显著降低15.54%、19.69%。玉米产量随微咸水灌溉频率的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，T2的籽粒产量显著高于T5，但与T1、T3、T4差异不显著。T3~T5处理籽粒产量比T1分别降低了4.33%、4.58%和7.87%。【结论】咸、淡水交替滴灌频率比为3:1(T4)可减少淡水灌溉量，维持土壤周年盐分平衡，稳定苕子生物量和玉米产量，可作为黄河三角洲盐渍农田最佳咸淡水交替灌溉方案。 |
| 关键词: 微咸水;咸淡水交替灌溉;黄河三角洲;土壤盐分;玉米 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:s274 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900902)；山东省重点研发计划项目(2021SFGC0301)；黄三角国家农高区科技专项(2022SZX01) |
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| Effects of Alternate Saline and Fresh Water Drip Irrigation on Water and Salt Dynamics and Crop Growth in Coastal Saline Soil |
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Wang Qian1, Dong Shide2, Cui Guangxu2, Ma Qian2, Li Hanbo3, Su Shengjia4, Wang Guangmei2
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1.College of Life Sciences, Ludong University;2.CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation/Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes;3.Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University;4.Shandong Saline-alkali Land Modern Agriculture Co. LTD
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to study the effects of different frequency of alternating saline and fresh water drip irrigation on soil water and salt distribution and crop growth in the Yellow River Delta region.【Method】A field experiment of alternating saline and fresh water drip irrigation for Vicia villosa(V. villosa)-maize(Zea mays L.) in two seasons was conducted. The experiment was divided into five frequency treatments of alternating drip irrigation with saline and fresh water, and the corresponding irrigation frequency ratios of saline water (salinity of about 4 g/L) and fresh water (salinity of about 1 g/L) were 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0 (T1~T5), respectively.【Result】(1) Soil water dynamics was mainly controlled by irrigation in non-rainy season, and soil salinity increased significantly with the increase of saline irrigation frequency. During the rainy season, soil water dynamics were mainly affected by rainfall, and the salinity in each treatment decreased gradually. (2) On the whole, salt in 0~20 cm soil layer increased gradually in the V. villosa season and reached the highest before returning, then decreased gradually in the maize season and decreased to the level before the experiment at the maize harvest stage, and annual salt maintained a balance. In T1~T4 treatment, the salinity in the soil layer of 20~60 cm showed a decreasing trend from the regreening stage of V. villosa to the mature stage of maize, decreased by 26.14%, 11.61%, 13.17% and 6.43%, respectively, while that in T5 increased by 21.26%. (3) With the increase of saline irrigation frequency, the yield of fresh grass and dry matter yield decreased. Compared with T1, there was no significant difference between T2~T4, and T5 significantly decreased by 15.54% and 19.69%, respectively. (4) Maize yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of saline water irrigation frequency. Grain yield at T2 was significantly higher than that at T5, but there was no significant difference between T2 and T1, T3 and T4. The grain yield of T3~T5 treatment was 4.33%, 4.58% and 7.87% lower than that of T1, respectively.【Conclusion】The frequency ratio of saline and fresh water alternating drip irrigation 3:1 (T4) can reduce the amount of fresh water irrigation, maintain the annual soil salt balance, and stabilize the biomass of the V. villosa and maize yield, which can be used as the best saline and fresh water alternating irrigation scheme for saline farmland in the Yellow River Delta. |
| Key words: saline water; alternate irrigation with saline and fresh water; Yellow River Delta; soil salinity; maize |
