| 引用本文: | 孙仕军,苏 慧,焦平金,等.暗管埋深与控制排水对农田地下水埋深及排水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):135-144. |
| SUN Shijun,SU Hui,JIAO Pingjin,et al.暗管埋深与控制排水对农田地下水埋深及排水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(5):135-144. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】加强农田排水调控管理，协同治理农业涝渍和干旱灾害，量化浅埋暗管、定水位和动水位控制对地下水埋深和排水量变化的影响。【方法】在亳州市利辛排水试验区埋设3根长200 m、间距30 m的暗管，每个暗管出口连接集水井，集水井内暗管排水量用电子水表计量，在暗管中间的地下水观测井中测定地下水埋深。在上述试验的基础上采用DRAINMOD模型模拟淮北平原汛期的田间排水过程。【结果】浅埋暗管和定水位控制在减小地下水埋深和减少排水量上效果接近。动水位和定水位控制在夏季作物生育前期和后期均减小了地下水埋深和减少了地下排水量；作物生育中期前者的地下水埋深较后者明显增加，日地下排水量明显高于后者，如在丰水年常规暗管布局下，动水位控制的地下水埋深较定水位控制平均增加了13.9 cm，地下排水量较后者增加了2.1倍。动水位控制对地下水埋深和排水量的调节存在时滞效应，常规和深疏暗管布局下改变暗管出口控制高度后仍分别需7 d和12 d才可达预期效果。【结论】适时适量进行动水位控制排水可及时改变地下水埋深和排水量以缓解水旱胁迫。 |
| 关键词: 控制排水；浅埋暗管；定水位；动水位；地下水埋深；排水量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022473 |
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| Effect of Buried Depth and Exit Control of Subsurface Tile on Drainage and Groundwater Depth |
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SUN Shijun, SU Hui, JIAO Pingjin, SHEN Tao
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1. College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
2. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;
3. Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Bengbu 233000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsurface tile is a conventional drainage technology to prevent groundwater table from exceeding critical depths and causing waterlogging and soil salinization. In this paper, the effect of buried depth and exit control of the tile on drainage and groundwater depth was examined through field experiment.【Method】The experiment was conducted in the Lixin Drainage Test Area in Bozhou City, Anhui province. The tile length was 200 m and the space between adjacent tiles was 30 m. The exit of each tile was connected to a well with its position either kept at a constant elevation (CWTR) or dynamically controlled (DWTR). Drainage from each tile was measured using an electronic water meter, and change in groundwater depth was measured from a borehole drilled in the middle of the tiles. Groundwater flow in the drainage system was simulated using the DRAINMOD model.【Result】Shallow-burying the tile and CWTR control of the tile exit had similar effect in controlling groundwater depth and reducing drainage. The DWTR and CWTR were both able to reduce the groundwater table dropping and drainage in the early and late crop growth stages. In the middle growth stage, the groundwater depth under DWTR was significantly lower than that under CWTR, and the daily drainage from the former was significantly higher than that from the latter. For the conventional tile layout, the average groundwater depth under DWTR in a wet year was 13.9 cm lower than that under CWTR, and the drainage of the former was 2.1 times as that of the latter. Changes in the elevation of the tile exit in DWTR altered groundwater flow, and it took 7 to 12 days, depending on the tile space, for groundwater flow to reach a new steady state.【Conclusion】Dynamic control of the elevation of the tile exit in subsurface drainage systems can be an effective means to regulate groundwater flow, preventing waterlogging during flood seasons and ensuring sufficient soil moisture during dry seasons. |
| Key words: controlled drainage; shallow buried tile; constant water table; dynamic water table; groundwater depth; drainage volume |
