| 引用本文: | 李叶鑫,吕 刚,王道涵,等.煤矿复垦排土场裂缝区土壤团聚体分布及稳定性[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):104-110. |
| LI Yexin,LYU Gang,WANG Daohan,et al.煤矿复垦排土场裂缝区土壤团聚体分布及稳定性[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):104-110. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示排土场土壤团聚体分布特征。【方法】在北方草原区露天煤矿复垦排土场选取典型复垦样地，调查土体裂缝（GF）发育特征，采用干筛法和湿筛法测定土壤团聚体组成与分布特征，分析团聚体稳定性及其与土体裂缝的关系。【结果】各个土体裂缝>0.25 mm风干土团聚体量为23.02%~42.70%，水稳性团聚体量为16.9%~29.52%，表现为各裂缝之间无显著差异，GFⅠ、GFⅡ、GFⅢ裂缝0~60 cm土层>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体量依次为25.26%、26.57%、23.62%；3个裂缝土壤团聚体结构破坏率分别为20.77%~36.17%、20.52%~25.00%、26.58%~40.56%，GFⅢ裂缝显著大于GFⅠ裂缝和GFⅡ裂缝；0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50、50~60 cm土壤团聚体结构破坏率依次为28.81%、29.96%、26.19%、23.50%、24.91%、29.38%；GFⅠ、GFⅡ、GFⅢ裂缝土壤风干土团聚体分形维数为2.847~2.919，土壤水稳性团聚体分形维数为2.898~2.942，团聚体以小团聚体或细小颗粒为主；3个裂缝风干土团聚体的平均重量直径（MWD）分别为1.11、1.05、1.28 mm，几何平均直径（GWD）分别为0.45、0.44、0.49 mm，水稳性团聚体的MWD依次为0.67、0.73、0.72 mm，GMD依次为0.36、0.38、0.37 mm，GFⅡ裂缝土壤具有较好的土壤结构和土壤稳定性，土壤抗侵蚀能力较强；大部分土层土壤水稳性团聚体处于不稳定水平，这与裂缝的形成与发育有关。【结论】土体裂缝的形成与发育会降低土壤团聚体稳定性，导致团聚体分散成为颗粒较小的团聚体及颗粒，且裂缝宽度越大、裂缝发育越明显，对团聚体稳定性影响越显著。 |
| 关键词: 排土场；土壤团聚体；土体裂缝；团聚体稳定性；分形 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021419 |
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| Distribution and Stability of Soil Aggregates over the Fissure Zones in Reclaimed Coal Mining Waste Dumpsite |
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LI Yexin, LYU Gang, WANG Daohan, WEI Zhongping
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1. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China;
2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China;
3. Liaoning Academy of Forestry Science, Shenyang 110032, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Restoring coal mining waste dumps is a way to alleviate their detrimental impact on environment. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study on distribution and stability of soil aggregates in a reclaimed coal mining overburden dump.【Method】The experiment was carried out at a reclaimed coal mine dump site in a grassland region in northern China. We measured the development of fissures from Zone I (GF) to Zone three (GFIII) in the fissure zone. The composition and distribution soil aggregates in these zones were determined using dry-wet sieve method. Aggregate stability and its relationship with the fissures was analyzed. 【Result】The content of the >0.25 mm air-dried aggregates over the fissure zones was 23.02%~42.70%, and content of the >0.25 mm water-stable soil aggregates was 16.9%~29.52%. There was no significant difference between air-dried aggregates and water-stable aggregates. The content of the >0.25 mm water-stable soil aggregates in the 0~60 cm soil layer in GF, GFⅡ and GF Ⅲ was 25.26%, 26.57%, 23.62%, respectively, while the percentage of aggregate destruction in the three fissure zones was 20.77%~36.17%, 20.52%~25.00%, and 26.58%~40.56%, respectively. The percentage of aggregate destruction in 0~10, 10~20, 20~30, 30~40, 40~50, and 50~60 cm soil layers was 28.81%, 29.96%, 26.19%, 23.50%, 24.91%, and 29.38%, respectively. The fractal dimension of air-dried and water-stable soil aggregates was 2.847~2.919 and 2.898~2.942, respectively. Small aggregates and fine particles are the dominant aggregates. The mean mass diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the air-dried aggregates in three fissure zones were 1.11, 1.05, 1.28 mm, and 0.45, 0.44, 0.49 mm, respectively. The MWD and GMD of water-stable soil aggregates in the three fissure zones were 0.67, 0.73, 0.72 mm, and 0.36, 0.38, 0.37 mm, respectively. Soil in GFⅡ had good structure and aggregate stability. Most of water-stable soil aggregates in the fissure zones were unstable due to the formation and development of fissures.【Conclusion】The formation and development of fissures in the reclaimed coal mining overburden dump reduced the stability of soil aggregates, thereby resulting in aggregate segmentation. The larger and wider the fissures were, the less stable the soil aggregates were. |
| Key words: dump; soil aggregate; ground fissure; soil aggregate stability; fractal |
