| 引用本文: | 魏 飞,李永杰,孙琪玮,等.沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长及土壤质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(8):48-54. |
| WEI Fei,LI Yongjie,SUN Qiwei,et al.沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长及土壤质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(8):48-54. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水稻种植中沼液和化肥配合高效施肥模式。【方法】通过连续2 a大田试验，以传统纯化肥施肥处理为对照（CK），设置了2种沼液用量（150、300 m3/hm2）、3种化肥用量（传统化肥用量的25%、50%、75%）、2种追肥次数（2次、3次），共计13个处理，研究不同沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长和土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】①2021年T7（300 m3/hm2沼液+25%化肥+3次追肥）处理的产量最高，达到了9.88 t/hm2，2022年T3（150 m3/hm2沼液+50%化肥+3次追肥）处理产量最高，达到了10.4 t/hm2，2 a中都是T2（150 m3/hm2沼液+25%化肥+2次追肥）处理产量最低，300 m3/hm2沼液配合50%、75%化肥（T9、T10、T11、T12）施肥量都降低了稻米的产量和食味值。②相同施肥处理中，3次追肥处理对水稻的增产效果好于2次追肥处理。③施用沼液处理土壤有机质量提高了7.1%~52.4%，随着沼液和化肥用量的增加土壤碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量、磷酸酶活性、EC值提高，而对土壤pH值没有显著影响。各沼液处理中，150 m3/hm2+25%化肥（T1、T2）处理土壤的碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量、EC值都低于CK，而300 m3/hm2沼液+50%化肥（T9、T10）和300 m3/hm2沼液+75%化肥（T11、T12）处理土壤EC值、碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量都显著高于CK。④2021—2022年，150 m3/hm2沼液+75%化肥处理（T5、T6）、300 m3/hm2沼液用量（T7、T8、T9、T10、T11、T12）处理土壤磷酸酶活性都显著的高于CK，提高了10.6%~42.4%。【结论】适量沼液和化肥配施可提高水稻产量，提高土壤养分和酶活性，而少量或过量施用沼液和化肥则降低了水稻产量，综合2 a的试验结果推荐150 m3/hm2沼液+50%~75%化肥+3次追肥为最佳沼液化肥配合施用模式。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；沼液；化肥；产量；土壤养分 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023042 |
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| Combined Effects of Biogas Slurry Application and Chemical Fertilization on Rice Growth and Soil Quality |
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WEI Fei, LI Yongjie, SUN Qiwei, XU Xiaoyan, WANG Xiaobo
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1. College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
2. Tianjin Nongken Bohai Agricultural Group Company Limited, Tianjin 301800, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Amending soil with biogas slurry is a way to treat livestock wastes. This paper is to elucidate the combined effect of biogas slurry application and chemical fertilization on improving rice yield and soil quality.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2021—2022, with the traditional chemical fertilization served as the control (CK). There were two biogas slurry treatments: 150 m3/hm2 and 300 m3/hm2, each associated with three chemical fertilizations by applying 25%, 50% and 75% of the chemical fertilizer traditionally used by local farmers. The fertilizers were applied in two or three top-addressings. In each treatment, we measured rice growth and changes in soil properties. 【Result】① In 2021, applying 300 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 25% of traditionally used fertilizer (topdressing 3 times) gave the highest yield at 9.88 t/hm2. In 2022, the highest yield was 10.4 t/hm2, achieved by applying 150 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 50% of traditionally used fertilizer (topdressing 3 times). In both years, applying 150 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 25% of traditionally used fertilizer but by topdressing twice only gave the lowest yield. Applying 300 m3/hm2 of biogas combined with 50% and 75% of traditionally used reduced the rice yield and taste of the grains. ② Increasing topdressing from 2 to 3 times increased rice yield when the fertilization was the same. ③ Applying biogas slurry increased soil organic matter by 7.1% to 52.4%. Increasing biogas slurry and chemical fertilization also increased alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, phosphatase activity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, but had little effect on soil pH. Applying 150 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 25% of traditionally used fertilizer reduced alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents, compared to CK. Applying 300 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 50% of traditionally used fertilizer increased EC, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents in the soil, compared to CK. ④ Applying 75% of traditionally used fertilizer increased soil phosphatase activities by 10.6% and 42.4%, depending on biogas slurry application, compared to CK.【Conclusion】Combing biogas slurry application and chemical fertilization can improve rice yield, soil nutrient contents, and enzyme activity only when applied at right rates. From our two-year experiment, applying 150 m3/hm2 of biogas slurry combined with 50%~75% of traditionally used fertilizers by topdressings the fertilizers 3 times is optimal for improving crop yield and soil quality. |
| Key words: rice; biogas slurry; chemical fertilizer; yield; soil nutrient |
