| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究浙江省典型水稻品种在薄露灌溉、常规淹灌条件下需耗水规律与生长特性，明晰稻田灌溉调控对水稻需水规律、水分利用及产量的影响机制。【方法】2018—2020年在嘉兴市平湖灌溉试验站开展了田间小区试验，设置了2种水稻品种（常规水稻秀水134和杂交水稻甬优9号）和2种灌溉模式（常规淹灌和薄露灌溉），研究了不同灌溉模式下不同水稻品种水稻生长指标（叶面积指数、干物质总量、根系生长、产量）和需水规律（需水量、耗水量、灌溉定额、水分利用效率）变化。【结果】薄露灌溉水稻需耗水量均低于常规淹灌，常规淹灌水稻需耗水受水文年型影响显著，随着降水量增加，全生育期需耗水呈现增加趋势，常规水稻需耗水量均略低于杂交水稻；相比常规淹灌，薄露灌溉日均耗水量降低22.6%~59.5%，不同水稻品种日耗水规律总体上一致，杂交水稻日均耗水量略高于常规水稻，变幅为1.3%~3.0%；相比常规淹灌，薄露灌溉水稻产量增加1.7%；相比常规水稻，杂交水稻产量增加31.9%；相比常规淹灌，薄露灌溉模式灌溉定额降低了30.1%~35.0%，且灌溉水利用效率（WUEI）与耗水利用效率（WUEET）显著提高，不同水稻品种，由于产量差异显著，叠加不同灌溉模式的影响，导致WUEI与WUEET差异显著。【结论】薄露灌溉有利于水稻各生育期叶面积的合理分配和发展，杂交水稻有利于水稻叶面积增长与干物质积累；水稻需耗水量、灌溉定额受灌溉模式、水文年型影响显著，与水稻品种没有相关关系。 |
| 关键词: 水稻品种；需水规律；水文年型；薄露灌溉；生长特性 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022648 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Growth and Water Use between Conventional and Hybrid Rices as Impacted by Different Irrigations |
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ZHENG Shizong, XIAO Menghua
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Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310020, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and Objective】The decrease in available water resources for agriculture in the South of China has made developing water-saving irrigation essential for rice production. This paper investigates the impact of an improved irrigation method on growth and water use of conventional rice and hybrid rice. 【Method】The experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 in plots within a paddy field in the Irrigation Experimental Station of Jiaxing Pinghu in Zhejiang province. The rice varieties Xiushui 134 (conventional) and Yongyou 9 (hybrid) were used as the model plants. They were irrigated by conventional flooding irrigation and thin-water film irrigation by keeping the topsoil just saturated. In each treatment, we measured the leaf area index, total dry matter, root growth, grain yield, and water demand and consumption of each rice variety. 【Result】Water demand and consumption of both rice varieties under thin-water film irrigation were lower than that under flooding irrigation (P<0.01). Under flooding irrigation, water demand and consumption of both varieties during their whole growth period increased with the increase in precipitation, albeit the conventional rice consumed slightly less water than the hybrid variety (P>0.05). Compared with conventional flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation reduced average daily water consumption by 22.6%~59.5%, with the hybrid rice consuming 1.3%~3.0% more water than the conventional variety. Compared with flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation increased average rice yield by 1.7%, especially the hybrid variety whose yield was 31.9% higher than that of the conventional variety. Thin-water film irrigation reduced water consumption by 30.1%~35.0%, in addition to its significant increase in WUEI and WUEET. Due to the difference in yield between the two varieties, there was an interactive effect between the irrigation method and rice variety, with their WUEI, WUEP and WUEET differing significantly.【Conclusion】The thin water-film irrigation was effective to increase the development of leaf area and dry matter accumulation, especially for the hybrid variety. Water demand and consumption of both varieties were affected not only by annual precipitation and evaporation, but also by irrigation method, though no significant difference was found between the two varieties. |
| Key words: rice varieties; water demand and consumption; hydrological year type; thin dew irrigation; growth characteristics |
