| 引用本文: | 周炼川,袁晶晶,余 海,等.重庆市长寿区典型重金属污染健康风险评估与预测[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(10):129-135. |
| ZHOU Lianchuan,YUAN Jingjing,YU Hai,et al.重庆市长寿区典型重金属污染健康风险评估与预测[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(10):129-135. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究重金属在地下水-土壤-水稻体系中的分布特征，为重庆市长寿区重金属污染评价与健康风险评估提供科学依据。【方法】运用地理统计学和Arc GIS技术揭示重金属在地下水、土壤和水稻中的分布特征，基于目标危险系数模型（THQ）评估铅（Pb）、砷（As）和镉（Cd）的人群暴露风险。在此基础上，预测了2036年研究区土壤重金属的空间分布。【结果】重庆市长寿区地下水-土壤-水稻中的Pb、As、Cd空间分布相互重合，重金属量呈西南高于东北的趋势。THQ模型结果表明，成人组中不存在消费稻米的重金属暴露风险，而儿童组存在较低的Cd和Pb暴露风险。2036年，研究区土壤Pb、As、Cd污染在3种状态（理想状态、无人为干预状态和剧烈污染状态）下具有显著差异，理想状态下土壤重金属量预计下降4%~8%，无人为干预状态和剧烈污染状态下的土壤重金属量和受污染土壤面积将不断增加，剧烈污染状态下的土壤重金属量将增加1.51~1.72倍。【结论】研究区重金属污染主要来源于西南地区工业企业。稻米消费下的重金属儿童暴露风险需引起重视，未来需严格控制重金属污染来源，进一步加强受污染土壤修复工作。 |
| 关键词: 重金属；地下水-农田-水稻体系；空间分布特征；Arc GIS；健康风险评估 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023078 |
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| Heavy Metals in Water-soil-crop System in Changshou District of Chongqing: Risk Assessment and Their Potential Changes |
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ZHOU Lianchuan, YUAN Jingjing, YU Hai, LI Yutong, DU Zhenjie, WANG Jian, CHEN Ying
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1. Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China;
2. Henan Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 3. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
4. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang 453002, China;
5. Chongqing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401147, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil contamination by heavy metals is a pervasive issue, and this paper investigates the spatial distribution of Pb, As, and Cd in the groundwater-soil-rice system in the Changshou district of Chongqing. We also assess their exposure risk and predict their potential changes in the future. 【Method】Geostatistical techniques, ArcGIS, and the target hazard quotients (THQ) methods were used to assess the risk of the three metals entering food chain. Based on these results, we predicted their potential changes and distribution up to 2036. 【Result】① Pb, As, and Cd in groundwater, soil and rice co-existed spatially, with their concentrations higher in the southwest than in the northeast. ② The THQ model did not showed risk of rice consumption for adults (THQ (As, Pb, and Cd) <1), but showed that there was slight risk of Cd (THQCd=1.12) and Pb (THQPb=1.05) for children. ③ The model predicted substantial differences in the content of Pb, As, and Cd between different three management scenarios: ideal, no human intervention, and severe pollution until 2036. While the contents of the heavy metals were predicted to decrease by 4% to 8% under the ideal scenario in 2036 compared to the current level in 2021, allowing severe pollution to continuously happen is expected to increase heavy metal content by 1.51 to 1.72 times the current level.【Conclusion】Industries are the primary source of heavy metal pollution in Changshou district. Regarding the exposure risk to children and vulnerable people, and current pollution level, strict measures, including controlling discharge of industrial waste into soils and remediating contaminated soils are essential to reducing heavy metal contents in soil and alleviating them entering food chain. |
| Key words: heavy metal; ground water-soil-rice system; spatial distribution characteristic; Arc GIS; health risk assessment |
