| 引用本文: | 宋阿维,刘雨星,王相平,等.河套灌区耕地土壤性质与作物产量空间分布特征之间的关系[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(12):7-14. |
| SONG Awei,LIU Yuxing,WANG Xiangping,et al.河套灌区耕地土壤性质与作物产量空间分布特征之间的关系[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(12):7-14. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】阐明内蒙古河套灌区耕地土壤性质与作物产量空间分布特征之间的关系，提出灌区耕地水肥管理优化对策。【方法】基于经典统计学与地统计学方法，研究河套灌区耕地土壤理化性质和作物产量的空间变异性与分布特征，剖析主要作物产量与土壤性质之间的关系，基于土壤盐渍化程度和主要作物产量的空间分布格局提出水肥优化管理对策。【结果】巴彦淖尔市土壤盐渍化程度总体偏高，土壤体积质量较大，作物产量普遍较低，有机质和氮素贫乏，有效磷适量、速效钾富余。土壤含盐量属于强变异，有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和作物产量系数属于中等变异，体积质量和pH值属于弱变异。在空间分布特征上，土壤含盐量呈中部高、四周低的空间格局；作物产量系数呈自西南向东北的递减趋势；有机质量自西向东递增；体积质量、pH值、全氮量、有效磷量呈中部高，东、西部低的空间格局；灌区东南部速效钾量贫乏。土壤含盐量是制约内蒙古河套灌区作物产量的突出因子。【结论】兼顾土壤培肥与作物增产，建议深施氮肥和有机肥，重度盐渍化和盐土区域建议尿素、有机肥施用量为225、3 393.7 kg/hm2；中度盐渍化区域为295.4、2 332.8 kg/hm2；轻度和非盐渍化区域为365.1、1 280.9 kg/hm2。建议重点完善灌区西北、南部和东南地区的排水系统，提高中部和东部地区排水、排盐效率。 |
| 关键词: 河套灌区；土壤性质；作物产量；空间分布；土壤盐渍化；水肥管理 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023034 |
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| Relationship between Crop Yield and Soil Properties and Its Application for Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilization in Hetao Irrigation District |
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SONG Awei, LIU Yuxing, WANG Xiangping, XIE Wenping, ZHANG Chenping, JIANG Xiaodong, YAO Rongjiang
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1. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Engineering, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Nanjing 210008, China; 3. School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;
4. Bayannur Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center, Bayannur 015001, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Crop yield is inherently influenced by soil properties. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of soil properties in Hetao Irrigation District(HID) and its relationship with crop yields, from which we propose how to optimize irrigation and fertilization to improve soil quality and crop yield in the district.【Method】The analysis was based on experimental data. The spatial distribution of soil physicochemical properties and crop yields in the district were analyzed using the classical statistics and geostatistics. Their correlations were used to help improve irrigation and fertilization.【Results】① We found prominent issues such as high salinization, increased soil bulk density, and reduced crop yields, in the district. Notably, organic matter and nitrogen levels are relatively low, while available phosphorus is adequate and available potassium is abundant. Soil salinity showed considerable spatial variability, whereas organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, and crop yield coefficients showed moderate spatial fluctuations. Bulk density and soil pH, on the other hand, demonstrated only minor spatial variation. Bulk density and soil pH showed weak spatial variation. ② Spatially, soil salinity was pronounced in the central region, decreasing towards the periphery. Crop yield coefficients declined from the southwest to the Northeast. Organic matter content increased from the West to the East. Soil bulk density, pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the highest in the central region and the least in the East and the West. Low available potassium content was in the southeast corner, with other areas featuring medium to high levels. ③ Soil salinity was the main constraint to crop yields. ④ Nitrogen and organic fertilization should be increased to improve soil fertility and crop yields. Specially, we recommend applying 225 kg/hm2 of urea and 3 393.7 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer for heavily salinized and saline regions, 295.4 kg/hm2 of urea and 3 332.8 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer for moderately salinized regions, and 365.1 kg/hm2 of urea and 1 280.9 kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer for slightly salinized and non-saline regions. In addition, drainage systems in the Northwest, South, and Southeast of the district should be improved to facilitate salt leaching.【Conclusion】The findings outlined in this paper establish a fundamental reference for enhancing soil salinity control and drainage management, as well as optimizing fertilization and irrigation to maintain and bolster crop yields in the Hetao Irrigation District. |
| Key words: Hetao Irrigation District; soil properties; crop yield; spatial distribution; soil salinization; water and fertilizer management |
