| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示不同灌溉模式下缓释施肥水平对水稻生长特性、产量和品质的影响，优选高产优质的水肥管理模式。【方法】设置淹水灌溉（W1）、间歇灌溉（W2）2种灌溉模式，常规肥（F）和缓释肥（SF）2种施肥类型，其中，常规肥常量（F100）、缓释肥增量20%（SF120）、缓释肥增量10%（SF110）、缓释肥常量（SF100）、缓释肥减量10%（SF90）、缓释肥减量20%（SF80）6种施肥水平，于2021年5—9月在湖北省灌溉试验中心站开展水稻测桶试验，测定各生育期的株高、分蘖数、叶绿素SPAD值和产量及其构成因子以及直链淀粉量、谷蛋白量，应用熵权TOPSIS法评价各处理综合表现。【结果】2种灌溉模式下，SF100处理较F100处理株高、分蘖数、产量平均分别高24.65%、34.90%、11.90%；叶绿素降低24.98%，直链淀粉量降低7.37%，谷蛋白量显著提高32.72%。W1模式较W2模式下株高、叶绿素和产量分别平均高19.01%、20.73%和12.82%，而分蘖数、直链淀粉和谷蛋白量平均分别低31.05%、0.30%、0.90%；W1SF90处理产量较W1模式下最低的SF120处理高12.41%，直链淀粉量较W1模式下最高的SF120处理低6.68%，谷蛋白量较W1模式下最高的SF110处理仅低5.33%。熵权TOPSIS法结果表明：W1SF90处理与理想解相对贴近度最大，综合得分为0.985。【结论】淹水灌溉配施缓释肥减量10%（648 kg/hm2施肥量）为最具高产优质潜力的水肥管理模式。本研究可为长江中下游地区的水稻水肥管理模式提供理论指导和技术支持。 |
| 关键词: 缓释肥；施肥水平；水稻生长特性；产量；品质；熵权TOPSIS法 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023158 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Combined Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer and Irrigation Method on Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Rice |
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WANG Leyang, HE Jun, HUA Keji, ZHANG Caijun, YE Zimi, ZHANG Lei
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1. College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
2. Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education,
China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; 3. Hubei Zhanghe Project Administration Bureau, Jingmen 448156, China;
4. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xingjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
5. School of Water Conservation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 430046, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Slow-release fertilizer is efficient and environmentally friendly but its effectiveness is closely related to soil water. This paper studies the combined impact of slow-release fertilization and irrigation method on growth, yield and quality of rice.【Method】The pot experiment was conducted from May to September in 2021 at Hubei Irrigation Central Experimental Station. It consisted of flood irrigation (W1) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (W2). Each irrigation treatment had six fertilizations: conventional fertilization (F100), fertilizations using 120% (SF120), 110% (SF110), 100% (SF100), 90% (SF90) and 80% (SF80) of the fertilizer used in F100 but replacing them by controlled-release fertilizer. In each treatment, we measured the plant height, numbers of tillers, chlorophyll SPAD, yield and its components, as well as amylose and gluten protein contents in each growth stage. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used for comprehensive evaluation of the treatments.【Result】Compared with F100, on average over the two irrigation treatments, SF100 increased plant height, tiller numbers, grain yield and glutenin content by 24.65%, 34.90%, 11.90% and 32.72%, respectively, while reduced the chlorophyll degradation and amylose content by 24.98% and 7.37%, respectively. Compared with W2, W1 increased the average plant height, chlorophyll degradation, and yield by 19.01%, 20.73%, and 12.82%, respectively, and reduced the number of tillers and the contents of amylose and glutenin by 31.05%, 0.30%, and 0.90%, respectively. Under W1, the yield of SF90 was 12.41% higher than that of SF120; the amylose content in SF90 was 6.68% lower than that in SF120; the glutenin content in SF90 was 5.33% lower than that in SF110. The entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that the relative yield of W1+SF90 was the closest to the potential yield, with the comprehensive score reaching 0.985.【Conclusion】Combining flood irrigation with a 10% reduction of conventional fertilization by using slow-release fertilizer (648 kg/hm2 fertilizer) is a promising irrigation-fertilization for rice production in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River basin. |
| Key words: slow release fertilizer; fertilization level; growth characteristics; yield; quality; entropy weight TOPSIS method |
