| 引用本文: | 徐新龙,张巨松,代健敏,等.水分胁迫下氮肥后移对棉花花铃期
成铃特性及产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(S1):1-6. |
| XU Xinlong,ZHANG Jusong,DAI Jianmin,et al.水分胁迫下氮肥后移对棉花花铃期
成铃特性及产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(S1):1-6. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究干旱半干旱地区棉花花铃期氮肥运筹对非充分灌溉下棉花产量的调节机制。【方法】采用裂区试验设计，在充分灌溉2 400 m3/hm2和非充分灌溉1 560 m3/hm2下分别设置氮肥后移N24（花期肥∶铃期肥为2∶4）、N33充分施氮（花期肥∶铃期肥为3∶3）、N42氮肥前移（花期肥∶铃期肥为4∶2）3个施氮比例，研究棉花蕾铃发育、干物质积累与分配、产量及纤维品质的变化规律。【结果】棉花在花铃期充分灌溉处理较非充分灌溉处理产量、单株结铃数、单铃质量分别提高了17.32%、11.68%、7%。非充分灌溉下，自盛花期开始直至吐絮期，各施氮处理的蕾铃数均表现为N24处理>N33处理>N42处理；棉花1~4台果枝成铃率随花期氮肥比例增加而增加，表现为N42处理>N33处理>N24处理，5~10台果枝成铃率以氮肥后移N24处理最高；盛铃—吐絮期棉花干物质总量表现为N24处理>N33处理>N42处理，各处理干物质最大积累速率及生产特征值均以N24处理最大，N24处理更有利于非充分灌溉下棉花干物质的积累；非充分灌溉棉花籽棉产量表现为N24处理>N33处理>N42处理，N24处理较N33、N42处理平均增加了11.06%、22.44%；N24处理单株结铃数较N33、N42处理平均增加了10.4%、21.32%，单铃质量较N33、N42处理平均增加了0.53%、7.39%；N24处理短纤维指数显著低于N33、N42处理，N24处理纺织参数显著高于N33、N42处理。【结论】非充分灌溉下可以通过氮肥后移来加快干物质积累速率，增加棉花蕾铃数，提高单铃质量和马克隆值弥补灌水不足对棉花产量和品质的影响。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；非充分灌溉；氮肥后移；蕾铃消长；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps. 2023336 |
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| Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Boll Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton under Water Stress |
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XU Xinlong, ZHANG Jusong, DAI Jianmin, HE Qingyu, XIE Ling, DOU Qiaoqiao
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1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830052, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The aim of this paper was to study the regulation effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on cotton yield under insufficient irrigation at flowering and boll-forming stage in arid and semi-arid areas. 【Method】A split-plot design was used to study the effects of different nitrogen application levels on bud and boll development, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and fiber quality of cotton. Three nitrogen application levels were set up : N24(flowering fertilizer∶boll stage fertilizer 2∶4), N33(flowering fertilizer∶boll stage fertilizer 3∶3) and N42(flowering fertilizer∶boll stage fertilizer 4∶2) under full irrigation 2 400 m3/hm2 and non-full irrigation 1 560 m3/hm2, respectively.【Result】Compared with non-sufficient irrigation, the yield, boll number per plant and single boll weight of sufficient irrigation at flowering and boll-forming stage increased by 13.7%, 17.32%, 11.68% and 7%, respectively. Under non-sufficient irrigation, from the flowering stage to the boll opening stage, the number of buds and bolls of each nitrogen treatment showed as N24 treatment > N33 treatment > N42 treatment; the boll setting rate of 1-4 fruit branches of cotton increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer proportion at flowering stage, showed as N42 treatment > N33 treatment > N24 treatment, and the boll setting rate of 5-10 fruit branches was the highest in N24 treatment. The total dry matter of cotton from full boll stage to boll opening stage was showed as N24 treatment > N33 treatment > N42 treatment. The maximum accumulation rate and production characteristic value of dry matter in each treatment were the highest in N24 treatment, and N24 treatment was more conducive to the accumulation of dry matter in cotton under insufficient irrigation. The yield of cotton seed cotton under non-sufficient irrigation showed as N24 treatment >N33 treatment >N42 treatment, and N24 treatment increased by 11.06% and 22.44% on average compared with N33 and N42 treatments. The number of bolls per plant and single boll weight of N24 treatment increased by 10.4%, 21.32%, 0.53% and 7.39% on average compared with N33 and N42 treatments. The short fiber index of N24 treatment was significantly lower than that of N33 and N42 treatments, and the textile parameters of N24 treatment were significantly higher than those of N33 and N42 treatments.【Conclusion】Under non-sufficient irrigation, the dry matter accumulation rate can be accelerated by postponing nitrogen fertilizer, the number of cotton buds and bolls can be increased, and the single boll quality and micronaire value can be improved to compensate for the effect of insufficient irrigation on cotton yield and quality. |
| Key words: cotton; water shortage irrigation; nitrogen fertilizer postponing; bud and boll development; production |
