| 引用本文: | 吉光鹏,张栋海,陈 兵,等.多次微量滴水技术对南疆棉田土壤水热盐分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(S1):26-32. |
| JI Guangpeng,ZHANG Donghai,CHEN Bing,et al.多次微量滴水技术对南疆棉田土壤水热盐分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(S1):26-32. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究多次微量滴水技术对南疆棉田土壤水热盐分布的影响。【方法】在南疆第三师开展小区试验，设置不同灌水量（每次15~45 mm）及灌水频率（1~3次）处理（1-15、1-30、1-45、2-15、2-30、2-45、3-15、3-30、3-45），以春灌为CK（225 mm），研究灌水量与灌水频率对棉田土壤湿润体含水率、耗水特征、土壤温度、土壤pH值及土壤盐分的影响，以期找到南疆盐碱地棉苗发芽所需水分供应与盐分洗脱水量的平衡关系。【结果】灌水量为15 mm处理能较好的将湿润区控制在种孔附近范围，湿润体内含水率极大值交汇点在距滴头点水平、垂直10 cm处，与春灌CK整个剖面土壤含水率相比均小于10%，剖面内平均含水率达到14.6%；2-15处理棉花播种出苗期-苗期灌水后耗水量、耗水强度及水分利用效率表现最佳，分别为241.52 m3/hm2、1.42 mm/d、1.08 kg/m3，且显著高于CK；土壤温度随灌水量增加而降低，但土壤温度会在灌水一段时间后回升并高于CK，灌水次数越多，灌水12~24 h后土壤温度越高；各处理土壤pH值随着灌水量增大而减小，且均小于CK；灌水量越大，种孔行表层和底层的盐分均越小，灌水次数越多，种孔行土壤盐分越小。【结论】综上所述，南疆多次微量滴水灌水量为15 mm最佳，既能使滴灌湿润体达到浸润棉种发芽区域的目的，也能保证较高的水分利用效率，多次灌溉能保证棉种区域达到较高的土壤温度和较低的土壤盐分，其中2-15处理表现最佳。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；多次微量滴水；湿润体含水率；耗水特性；水热盐分布 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023301 |
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| Effects of Multiple Micro Drops of Irrigation Techniques on Soil Water, Heat, and Salt in Cotton Fields of Southern Xinjiang |
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JI Guangpeng, ZHANG Donghai, CHEN Bing, CHANG Xueyan, NIU Linglei, CHANG Xinyi
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1. Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Division No 3. Of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,
Tumisuke 843900, China; 2. Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study focused on solving the problems of high irrigation volume, heavy salinity hazard and difficult soil temperature and humidity regulation for cotton planting in saline lands in South Xinjiang. 【Method】A plot experiment was conducted in the Third Division of South Xinjiang, with different irrigation amounts (15-45 mm each time) and frequencies (1-3 times) (treatment numbers 1-15, 1-30, 1-45, 2-15, 2-30, 2-45, 3-15, 3-30, 3-45), using spring irrigation as CK (225 mm), to study the effects of different emergence amounts and frequencies on the water content of soil wet bodies, water consumption characteristics, ground temperature and salinity in cotton fields. We investigated the effects of different seedling water amounts and frequencies on the water content of soil wet bodies, water consumption characteristics, ground temperature and salinity content of cotton fields in order to find the equilibrium relationship between water supply required for cotton seedling germination and the amount of salt elution in saline fields in South Xinjiang. 【Result】The results showed that the treatment with 15 mm irrigation amount could better control the wet zone within the range near the seed holes, and the intersection of the great value of water content within the wet zone was 10 cm horizontally and vertically from the drip head point, and the average water content within the profile reached 14.6%, soil water content of the whole profile was less than 10% in spring irrigation compared with CK; the water consumption and water consumption intensity of cotton sowing seedling emergence - after seedling irrigation and water soil temperature decreased with increasing irrigation amount, but soil temperature rised after a period of irrigation, and was higher than that of CK, the more irrigation amount, the higher the soil temperature after 12-24 h of irrigation; pH value of each treatment decreased with the increase irrigation amount and was smaller than that CK. All of them were smaller than that CK; the larger the amount of irrigation, the smaller the salinity of both surface and bottom layers of seed rows, and the more the number of irrigation, the smaller the salinity content of seed rows. 【Conclusion】In summary, multiple micro-drip irrigation with a low irrigation amount of 15 mm is better in South China, which can make the drip irrigation wet body achieve the purpose of wetting the germination area of cotton seeds, and also can ensure a higher water utilization efficiency, and multiple irrigation can ensure the seed area of cotton seeds to reach a higher soil temperature and lower salinity content, among which treatments 2-15 have the best performance. |
| Key words: cotton; multiple drips; moisture of wetting front; water consumption characteristics; hydrothermal salt distribution |
