| 引用本文: | 刘 平,李丽君,霍晓兰,等.日光温室长期施肥条件下耕层土壤计量化学变化特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(2):61-66. |
| LIU Ping,LI Lijun,HUO Xiaolan,et al.日光温室长期施肥条件下耕层土壤计量化学变化特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(2):61-66. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】施肥是保持设施蔬菜地土地生产力的重要措施，但长期高量水肥条件下土壤中碳、氮和磷的化学计量特征并不清楚。【方法】本试验采用室外调查采样结合化验分析的方法，研究褐土区蔬菜保护地不同年限（5、15、20、30 a）和大田土壤主要养分碳、氮和磷的化学计量特征。【结果】①不同种植年限随着年限增加土壤表层有机质量先增加后降低并趋于稳定，15 a时有机质量达到最大值，比大田增加99.4%；土壤全氮量和全磷量随年限增加整体变化趋势类似有机质量，各年限土壤全氮量和全磷量分别是大田的1.4~2.6倍和1.7~4.5倍，全氮量15 a达最高，而20 a种植年限的全磷量最高。②与大田相比，不同种植年限土壤C∶N、N∶P和C∶P化学计量比均随年限增加而递减并趋于稳定，变化分别在8.7~10.3、1.2~1.6和7.7~15.6范围内。土壤表层C、N、P量的增加速度排序为P>N>C，表现为化学计量比C∶P变异最大，N∶P次之，C∶N变异较小。【结论】尽管大棚内肥料投入较高，但目前该褐土区域土壤C∶N、C∶P和N∶P化学计量比在一定范围内维持相对稳定。从长远来看，针对本研究设施蔬菜地磷的持续快速积累而碳相对不足的问题，应采取降低磷肥施用量、控制氮肥、增施有机肥尤其是C∶N比高的有机肥等措施，以阻控C∶P进一步下降，维持C∶N和N∶P的平衡。 |
| 关键词: 日光温室；长期施肥；化学计量比；不同种植年限；山西褐土区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023075 |
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| Effect of long-term fertilization on chemical stoichiometry of topsoil in solar greenhouse |
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LIU Ping, LI Lijun, HUO Xiaolan, MA Linjie, HUI Wei, MA Qiqi
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1. College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
2. Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China;
3. School of Biological Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil chemical stoichiometry is an important trait affecting microbial activity and the associated carbon and nitrogen cycling. It is dynamic and modulating by both abiotic and biotic factors. In this paper, we study the effect of long-term fertilization on chemical stoichiometry of the topsoil in solar greenhouses.【Method】Soil samples were taken from solar greenhouses that have been in operation from 5 to 30 years. The control was soil samples taken from an adjacent field. The chemical properties of each soil sample were analyzed in laboratory.【Result】Soil organic matter increased in the first 15 years after the establishment of the greenhouse and then decreased asymptotically to a content as the greenhouses continued operation in the subsequent years. The variations in total soil nitrogen and total soil phosphorus were similar to that in soil organic matter. Depending on the operating duration of the greenhouses, the total soil nitrogen and total soil phosphorus were 1.4-2.6 times and 1.7-4.5 times that in the adjacent field, respectively. The total soil nitrogen and total soil phosphorus peaked 15 years and 20 years after the greenhouses were established, respectively. The C∶N and N∶P decreased with the increase in longevity of the greenhouses, with their values varying in the ranges of 8.7 to 10.3 and 1.2 to 1.6, respectively. In contrast, the C∶P ratio increased significantly at first and then decreased slowly in the range of 7.7 to 15.6, with the increase in longevity of the greenhouses. The increasing rates of C, N and P with operating duration of the greenhouse were ranked in the order of P>N>C, resulting in C∶P>N∶P>C∶N.【Conclusion】Continued high fertilizer input in greenhouse production resulted in an accumulation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, but the C∶N, C∶P and N∶P ratios remained relatively stable. Increased phosphorus and decreased organic carbon is a problem in greenhouse production, and measures such as reducing phosphorus application, adjusting nitrogen fertilization and increasing organic fertilization can be used to mitigate this problem and improve soil health. |
| Key words: greenhouse; long-term fertilization; stoichiometric; different planting years; cinnamon soil area in Shanxi Province |
