| 引用本文: | 侯一峰,汪洋,张帅.新疆渭干-库车河流域土地利用变化空间耦合及其生态效应[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| HOU Yifeng,WANG Yang,ZHANG Shuai.新疆渭干-库车河流域土地利用变化空间耦合及其生态效应[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【研究背景】土地利用/覆盖变化已成为全球生态环境变化研究不可缺少的部分。由于全球变暖以及人类活动对水土资源利用强度的加大，自从1990年以来，位于新疆干旱区的渭干－库车河流域水资源和生态问题突出，生态环境与经济发展之间的用水矛盾不断加深。【目的】土地利用/覆盖变化被认为是全球环境变化的主要原因之一，随着社会的快速发展，耕地的扩张，水资源的匮乏导致渭干-库车河的生态环境愈发脆弱，严重威胁到流域的生态安全。本文以渭干-库车河流域为研究区，探讨了渭干-库车河流域土地利用变化条件下的绿洲生态效应。【方法】采用土地利用动态度、土地利用结构信息熵和均衡度方法，结合生态系统服务价值基于1990-2014年TM遥感影像目视解译，从空间耦合角度分析了渭干-库车河流域土地利用变化及其生态效应，以期为干旱区水资源利用与土地资源可持续发展提供科学依据。【结果】1990-2014年间，渭干-库车河流域土地利用变化显著，耕地变化十分明显，增长率为53.10%，草地面积以255.70 km2/年的速度减少，减少了近23.44%。新增耕地主要源于草地和未利用地, 这一现象在渭干河中游和库车河下游区域最为明显。信息熵和均衡度均有所上升，伴随着人口数量的增加，土地利用程度不断提高，绿洲的扩张致使研究区生态服务价值25年内下降19.78%。绿洲系统不稳定性也有所升高，对渭干-库车河流域的生态安全产生威胁。【结论】在全球变暖背景下，耕地面积的扩张，生态服务价值不断下降，导致渭干-库车河流域生态逐渐恶化，加剧草地退化，甚至引发沙漠化问题，严重危及绿洲系统安全与稳定，对渭干-库车河流域的生态安全和可持续发展造成了极大威胁。 |
| 关键词: 土地利用变化;空间耦合;生态效应;渭干-库车河流域 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“基于沙漠边缘裸地边界线变化的沙漠化过程动态演变研究”（41661015） |
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| Spatial Coupling of Land Use Change and Its Ecological Effects in the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin of Xinjiang |
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HOU Yifeng, WANG Yang, ZHANG Shuai
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Xinjiang Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: 【Research Background】Land use/cover change (LUCC) and its related issues have become an indispensable part of global ecological environment change researches, which was already sucking up much attention. Due to the impacts of global warming and the increased water and soil resources exploitation since 1990 in the Weigan-kuqa River Basin in the arid Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, water resources and ecological problems have become prominent, and the contradiction between ecological environment and economic development was getting worse in the Weigan-kuqa River Basin.【Objective】Land use / cover change is considered one of the main causes of global environmental change. With the rapid development of society and enhanced human activities, the significant expansion of cultivated land consumed a lot of water, and the water resources shortage have made the ecological environment of the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin much more fragile, which has already threatened the safety of ecosystem within the whole basin. This paper took the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin as the study area, and explored the land use/cover change and its ecological effects in the oasis in the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin. This understanding will then lay a scientific basis for the water resources utilization and sustainable development of land resources.【Methods】Based on the visual interpretation of Landsat TM remote sensing images with the spatial resolution of 30m from 1990 to 2014 and the field accuracy verification, combined with the analytical methods of the land use dynamic index, entropy and equilibrium degree of land use structure information, and the ecosystem service value, this paper analyzed the land use/cover change and its ecological effects in the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin from the perspective of spatial coupling.. 【Results】The results showed that from 1990 to 2014, the land use/cover change in the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin had great changes characterized by the expansion of cultivated land area and the reduction of grassland area. The cultivated land area increased 53.1%, and grassland decreased at a rate of 255.70 km2 / year, which reduced about 23.44%. Great changes have taken place in land use types in the river basin, which was mainly transformed from grassland and unused land, this phenomenon was most obvious in the middle reaches of the Weigan River and the lower reaches of Kuqa River. Besides, the information entropy and equilibrium were both increased, along with the increased population, the expansion of the oasis caused the ecological services value in the study area decreased 19.78% within the past 25 years, The instability of the oasis system has also increased, which will endanger the ecological security of the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin. 【Conclusion】Under the background of global warming, the expansion of cultivated land area and the decline of the ecological services value have led to the ecological degradation in the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin, which has aggravated the grassland degradation and even caused desertification problems, which seriously endangered the safety and stability of the oasis system in the arid region of Xinjiang, and posed a great threat to the ecological security and sustainable development of the Weigan-Kuqa River Basin. |
| Key words: Land cover change; spatial coupling; ecological effect; Weigan-Kuqa River Basin |
