| 引用本文: | 蔡晓,吴祥运,王东,等.水氮互作对滴灌夏玉米生长及水分利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| CAI Xiao,WU Xiangyun,WANG Dong,et al.水氮互作对滴灌夏玉米生长及水分利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在保证产量情况下节水节肥。【方法】采用滴灌灌水方式，研究不同补灌处理（2018年测墒土层为0-20、0-30和0-40 cm，依次记为W20、W30和W40，2019年测墒土层增加0-10 cm，记为W10；补灌时期均为播种时及拔节期和抽雄期开始时，目标含水率为田间持水量）和不同施氮量处理（2018年施氮量为180、240和300 kg/hm2，分别以N180、N240和N300表示，2019年施氮量增加120 kg/hm2，记作N120；施氮与灌水时期一致）相组合对夏玉米叶面积指数（LAI）、地上部干物质量、产量构成、耗水量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】LAI和地上部干物质量随灌水量和施氮量增加均呈增大趋势，各灌水处理下N240和N300处理间差异不明显。施氮量对夏玉米产量的影响效应大于灌水量和水氮互作，2018年仅W20N180处理的产量显著低于高水高氮（W40N300）处理；2019年仅W10灌水条件下所有施氮处理以及W20、W30和W40条件下N120处理的产量显著低于高水高氮处理。灌水量和施氮量均对耗水量产生极显著影响，耗水量随施氮量和灌水量的增加呈增大趋势；灌水处理对WUE产生极显著影响，2018年W20和W30条件下各处理WUE均值较W40分别提高11.05%和1.74%，2019年W10、W20和W30条件下各处理WUE均值较W40依次提高17.94%、9.11%和7.21%。【结论】综合考虑灌水量、施氮量、产量和WUE，试验区夏玉米滴灌条件下适宜的水氮施用方案为：补灌/施氮时期为播种时及拔节期和抽雄期开始时，目标湿润土层0-20 cm，补灌上限为田间持水量；施氮量180~240 kg/hm2，施氮比例为1:1:1，播种时氮肥底施，拔节和抽雄时氮肥随水施入。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米；滴灌补灌；水氮互作；产量；水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6 |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划（2018GNC111007）；山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2019JZZY010716）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503130） |
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| Effects of water and nitrogen interaction on crop growth and water utilization of summer maize under drip irrigation |
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CAI Xiao1, WU Xiangyun1, WANG Dong2, LIN Xiang2, ZHANG Junpeng1
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University;2.College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 To reduce the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer application under high yield condition of maize.【Methods】Two-year field experiment were conducted to investigate effects of various combinations of supplementary irrigation and nitrogen (N) application on leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass, yield components, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer maize with drip irrigation. In 2018, three irrigation treatments (W20, W30, W40) and three N treatments (180, 240, 300 kg/hm2, denoted as N180, N240, and N300, respectively) were applied. In 2019, add one irrigation treatment (W10) and one N treatment (N120) on the previous basis. Among them, the irrigation water amount was calculated from the soil water content in 0-10 (W10), 0-20 (W20), 0-30 (W30) and 0-40 cm (W40) soil layer, the target soil water content at the corresponding soil depth after irrigation was field water capacity. The period of N application was the same as irrigation.【Results】LAI and aboveground biomass increased with the increase of irrigation and N application rate, but there was no significant difference between N240 and N300. The effect of N application on seed yield of summer maize was greater than that of irrigation and water-N interaction. In 2018, only W20N180 yield was significantly lower than W40N300. In 2019, the yield of all treatments under W10 and N120 treatments under W20, W30 and W40 were significantly lower than W40N300. Both the amount of irrigation water and N application had significant effects on evapotranspiration, which increased with the increase of the amount of N and irrigation water applied. Irrigation had a significant impact on WUE. In 2018, the average value of WUE in W20 and W30 increased by 11.05% and 1.74% respectively, compared with that in W40, which increased by 17.94%, 9.11% and 7.21% for W10, W20 and W30 treatments in 2019. 【Conclusion】 Considering the irrigation water amount, N application, grain yield and WUE, it is suggested that water and fertilizer application scheme of summer maize under drip irrigation in the area should be as following: The periods of supplementary irrigation and N application were both sowing, jointing and tasseling. The soil depth of supplementary irrigation was 0-20 cm, and the upper limit of irrigation was the field water capacity. The amount of N application was 180~240kg /hm2, and sowing N: jointing N: tasseling N was 1:1:1. Among them, sowing N was applied in basal, and jointing N and tasseling N were dissolved in water and then injected into drip irrigation system. |
| Key words: summer maize; supplementary irrigation with drip irrigation; water-nitrogen interaction; yield; water use efficiency. |
