| 引用本文: | 梅四卫,朱涵珍,王术,等.不同覆盖方法对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| mei si wei,Zhu hanzhen,Wang shu,et al.不同覆盖方法对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同覆盖方法对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响研究 |
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梅四卫,朱涵珍,王术,等
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1.沈阳农业大学;2.河南农业职业学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】阐明不同覆盖方式对调节土壤水肥热状况以及增加玉米产量的影响。【方法】设置地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和不覆盖三种方式，研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤含水率、土壤养分、土壤温度与玉米产量的影响。【结果】在玉米的生长前、中期，秸秆覆盖与地膜覆盖处理的保墒效果均优于不覆盖处理，其中0～60 cm土层土壤含水率差异明显；玉米进入成熟期后，秸秆覆盖处理0～60 cm土壤层含水率显著高于地膜覆盖和不覆盖处理，平均高8.23%和22.41%。秸秆覆盖能够促进浅层土壤养分量的提高，相较于不覆盖，秸秆覆盖的速效钾与有效磷量分别增加了15.11%、85.13%，；相比地膜覆盖和不覆盖，生长前期秸秆覆盖温度更高，生长期和成熟期秸秆覆盖温度更低。地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖的玉米产量分别比不覆盖高24.11%、24.32%，经济产量分别比不覆盖高23.72%、24.18%，差异显著（P＜0.05）。【结论】玉米秸秆覆盖能够使土壤养分与水分得到提高，调节土壤温度，增加玉米产量。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆覆盖；土壤水肥热；玉米产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S511 |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题 |
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| Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Water, Fertilizer and Heat Status and Maize Yield |
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mei si wei1,2,3, Zhu hanzhen4,5,6,7,8, Wang shu1,2,3, Yang xiwen1,2,3
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1.Shenyang 2.Agricultural 3.University;4.HeNan 5.Vocational 6.College 7.of 8.Agriculture
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| Abstract: |
| In China, many straw is produced per year. But the vast majority cannot be used in a reasonable and efficient way. Burning straw is a waste of resources, pollutes the environment, and causes direct damage to the soil ecosystem, such as decreasing the soil organic microbial levels. which can result in reduced crop yields. In recent years, the practice of returning crop straw to the field has been widespread in winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping system in China. This is mainly due to the increased use of machinery that leaves the crop straw on the land in response to a ban on straw burning made by the Chinese government.【Objective】Plastic film mulching can increase topsoil temperature and prolong the reproductive growth period, which in turn enhances grain yield. However, the increases in both soil water and temperature can change the soil biological characteristics and may negatively impact on soil quality and sustainability. It is known that the release of soil nutrients through decomposition of soil organic matter by microbes plays an important role in soil quality. Therefore, it is necessary to critically examine the effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil organic matter to assess the changes in soil quality. Soil available potassium content and effective phosphorus content play a crucial role in the soil quality and fertility because it significantly affects soil physical, chemical and biological properties, which can affect crop productivity and agro-ecosystems. Mulching technology can not only improve water use efficiency, regulate soil temperature, and play a role in water conservation and temperature regulation, but also improve soil physical properties, inhibit weeds, reduce the degree of soil salinization and improve the soil microbial environment, and reduce soil erosion to provide suitable water, fertilizer and heat conditions for crop growth, so as to improve crop yield. The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, fertilizer, heat and maize yield were studied. 【Method】The dry soil moisture content, soil nutrients, soil temperature and corn yield were measured by using plastic film mulching, non-mulching and corn straw mulching. 【Result】 The results showed that straw mulching and plastic film mulching had better soil moisture preservation effect, both of them were better than non-mulching, the soil layer with more significant difference was 0～60cm. After the corn entered the mature period, the biggest moisture content in the 0-60 cm soil layer was straw mulching, which exceed 8.23% and 22.41 averagely compared to plastic film mulching and non-mulching. Straw mulching can improve the nutrient content of shallow soil, the content of soil potassium and available phosphorus was 15.11% and 85.13% compared to non-mulching; Straw mulch can regulate soil temperature, the soil temperature by corn straw mulching was higher in primary period of growing and lower in period of growing and mature period. The corn yield by plastic film mulching and corn straw mulching exceed 24.11% and 24.32% compared to non-mulching, the economic yield exceed 23.72% and 24.18%.【Conclusion】 Corn straw mulching can improve soil nutrients and moisture and increase corn yield. |
| Key words: Straw mulching; Heat of soil water and fertilizer; Maize yield |
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