| 引用本文: | 吕凯,段颖丹,吴伯志.降雨强度和秸秆覆盖对坡耕地烤烟降雨入渗特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| lvkai,duanyindan,WU Bozhi.降雨强度和秸秆覆盖对坡耕地烤烟降雨入渗特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同降雨强度下秸秆覆盖对降雨入渗的影响，为提高坡耕地雨水资源利用效率及土壤侵蚀的防治提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟为供试材料，采用人工模拟降雨法，分析不同降雨强度（40 mm/h、80 mm/h和120 mm/h）、秸秆覆盖量（0 kg/hm2、3 750 kg/hm2、7 500 kg/hm2、15 000 kg/hm2）和叶面积指数条件下降雨入渗率的变化特征。【结果】随着降雨时间延长，降雨入渗率呈下降趋势，并逐渐趋于稳定，且秸秆量越高，入渗率趋于稳定的时间越短。平均入渗率随降雨强度和秸秆量的增加而上升，且不同降雨强度间存在显著性差异。当无秸秆覆盖时，烤烟冠层可以显著增加降雨入渗率；而当秸秆覆盖量达到7 500 kg/hm2和15 000 kg/hm2时，烤烟冠层覆盖会不利于降雨入渗。相关分析结果显示，平均入渗率分别与降雨强度和秸秆量呈极显著正相关关系，而与叶面积指数相关性不显著。基于降雨强度、秸秆量和叶面积指数建立了降雨入渗率的最优回归方程，决定系数（R2）为0.834，方程拟合度达到极显著水平。【结论】降雨强度、秸秆覆盖和烤烟冠层覆盖均是影响坡耕地降雨入渗的关键因素。在相同降雨强度下，虽然秸秆覆盖或烤烟冠层均可有效提升降雨入渗率，但当两者共同作用时，秸秆覆盖为主要影响因素。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆覆盖;烤烟;叶面积指数;入渗率;坡耕地 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S152；S157；S572 |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119)；云南中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目（2016YL05） |
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| Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Straw Mulching on Rainfall Infiltration of Flue-cured Tobacco in Slope Farmland |
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lvkai1, duanyindan2, WU Bozhi3
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1.Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agriculture University;2.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agriculture University;3.Yunnan Agriculture University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract：【Objective】Effects of rainfall intensity and straw mulching on rainfall infiltration were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for improving rainwater use efficiency and controlling soil erosion of slope farmland.【Method】The experiment was conducted by rainfall simulator, which was designed by three factors (rainfall intensity, straw rate and LAI) and used flue-cured tobacco as material , rainfall intensity and straw rate were conducted by three (40 mm/h, 80 mm/h and 120 mm/h) and four levels (0 kg/hm2, 3 750 kg/hm2, 7 500 kg/hm2 and 15 000 kg/hm2), respectively. The infiltration rate was measured during the flue-cured tobacco growth periods.【Result】Infiltration rate decreased with rainfall duration, and finally tended towards stability. As the straw rate increased, the steady time of infiltration rate was shorter, and fluctuated gently. Meanwhile, the average infiltration rate was positively significantly related to rainfall intensity and straw rate, and it had significant difference under different rainfall intensities. Although canopy coverage could increase significantly average infiltration rate under no straw mulching, it made infiltration rate decrease when straw rate was especially up to 7 500 kg/hm2 and 15 000 kg/hm2. Furthermore, the optimal regression equation of average infiltration rate was established on rainfall intensity, straw rate and LAI by stepwise regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) was up to 0.834, and the fitness of the equation reached a very significant level.【Conclusion】Rainfall intensity, straw mulching and canopy of flue-cured tobacco are the key factors which affect rainfall infiltration of slope farmland. Straw mulching or canopy of flue-cured tobacco can increase rainfall infiltration respectively, but both of them are together, the straw mulching is the major factor on infiltration rate at the same rainfall intensity. |
| Key words: straw mulching;flue-cured tobacco;leaf area index;infiltration rate;slope land |
