| 引用本文: | 赵长龙,刘毅,王金涛,等.不同材料蒸发皿及环境因素对水面蒸发测定的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(9):-. |
| zhaochanglong,liuyi,wangjintao,et al.不同材料蒸发皿及环境因素对水面蒸发测定的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(9):-. |
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| 不同材料蒸发皿及环境因素对水面蒸发测定的影响 |
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赵长龙1,2,3,4, 刘毅3, 王金涛1, 董心亮1, 李永刚4, 孙宏勇1
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1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄;2.中国科学院大学 北京;3.河北南大港农科所 沧州;4.河北省冀州区农业局 冀州
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究环境与蒸发皿材料对水面蒸发量测定的影响，为没有E-601型蒸发器或E20蒸发池的区域提供更为精确的水面蒸发测定方法或测定思路。【方法】通过野外试验，测定了陆面与水面环境中Φ20型铁蒸发皿与亚克力蒸发皿的蒸发量，采用SPSS软件分析了不同材料（铁和亚克力）和不同环境（陆面和水面）对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响以及气象因素对研究区水面蒸发量的影响。【结果】在同种环境条件下，铁蒸发皿蒸发量高于亚克力蒸发皿蒸发量，为亚克力蒸发皿蒸发量的1.2～1.4倍；就同种蒸发皿而言，陆面蒸发皿的蒸发量大于水面漂浮蒸发皿的蒸发量，可达水面蒸发皿蒸发量的1.5倍之多；水面漂浮式Φ20型铁蒸发皿蒸发量与水面潜在蒸发量拟合度较好；环境对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响大于材料的影响；饱和水气压差、水面温度与水面蒸发的相关关系在P=0.01水平下达到极显著水平。【结论】蒸发环境是影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主要因素，应尽量采用水面漂浮式蒸发皿；热传导率小的陆面蒸发器比铁、铜等常规蒸发器的测定精度高，陆面蒸发器应采用热传导率小的材料；饱和水汽压差与水面温度是影响水面蒸发的主要气象因素。 |
| 关键词: 蒸发皿；材料；环境；水面蒸发；气象因素 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S273.1 |
| 基金项目:中国科学院重点部署项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-053)和河北省重点研发计划项目(19227004D)，河北省自然科学基金资助项目（D2019503071），河北省重点研发计划项目（18227008D） |
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| The influence of pans made of different materials and its environmental factors on the water surface evaporation |
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zhaochanglong,liuyi,wangjintao,et al
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1.Center for Agricultural Resources Research，IGDB，CAS;2.Nandagang Agricultural Science Institute of Hebei Province;3.Agricultural Bureau of Jizhou District, Hebei Province
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| Abstract: |
| Accurate estimation of water surface evaporation is an important component of water cycle and utilization of water resources, and it is also a hot issue of hydrological research at home and abroad. The water surface evaporation measured by various evaporators is difficult to represent the actual evaporation of natural water. Φ20 pan is the most widely used evaporators in China, however the convert coefficient is greatly affected by the environment and materials, the research on Φ20 pan evaporation needs further study.【Objective】 In order to investigate the influence of materials and its environmental factors on the pan evaporation, so as to provide a more accurate measurement method of water surface evaporation for areas without E-601 evaporators and E20 evaporation pool. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted at the Nandagang Agricultural institute in July and September of 2019. There are four treatments including two kinds of Φ20 pans made of iron and acrylic materials which were installed on the land and floated on the pond water surface. Meanwhile, there were two length pans including 10 cm and 50 cm and two initial water depth treatments including 30 mm and 50 mm which were used to measure the free water surface evaporation. The surface water temperature and the meteorological factors were measured. The potential evaporation calculated by Penman's revised formula was as a contrast. Statistical analysis about the influence of different materials and environmental factors on the pan evaporation were carried out using SPSS software.【Result】 The results showed that the evaporation measured using iron pans was higher than that of acrylic pans, which was 1.2~1.4 times. For the different measured sites, the water surface evaporation measured by the pans installed on the land was greater than that of floated on the water surface, which could be up to 1.5 times. The influence of environmental factors on pan evaporation was greater than that of material factors, the sum of squared deviations from environmental factors was 131.59, which was about 3 times that from material factors. The fitting degree between potential evaporation and the evaporation measured using the floating Φ20 iron pan was good. There were significantly correlation between water surface evaporation and vapor pressure deficit, water surface temperature, and sunshine hours. 【Conclusion】The environmental factors such as saturated vapor pressure deficit and water surface temperature were the major factors affected the water surface evaporation in the study area. The site where the pans were located was the most important factor affecting the observation accuracy of water surface evaporation. The evaporation of pans installed on land was much higher than that floating on the water surface. There wasn’t significant influence of initial water depth and pan length on the accuracy of pan evaporation. As for the pans installed on the land, the measurement accuracy of the pan evaporation with small thermal conductivity was higher; but for the floating pans, the pans with good thermal conductivity had higher measurement accuracy, so the evaporators with good thermal conductivity floated on the water surface should be used as far as possible. |
| Key words: evaporators； materials；environment; water surface evaporation；meteorological factors |
