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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究不同水肥耦合处理对滴灌酿酒葡萄产量和品质的影响。【方法】兹以6 a生酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为供试材料，在宁夏红寺堡区开展了不同水肥处理田间试验。试验设置3个灌水水平：低水W1（1 500 m3/hm2）、中水W2（3 000 m3/hm2）以及高水W3（4 500 m3/hm2），设置3个施肥水平：低肥F1（450 kg/hm2）、中肥F2（840 kg/hm2）以及高肥F3（1 050 kg/hm2），共计9个处理，研究不同水肥模式对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。【结果】水肥耦合能显著促进酿酒葡萄生长发育、光合特性、果实外观以及营养物质的含量，W3F3处理显著促进了新稍生长，水肥耦合能显著促进SPAD值的增加，但对NDVI值影响并不显著。施肥处理能促进果实纵径的生长，但对果实横径生长影响不显著。各处理果形指数处于0.99~1.05之间，且合处理对CIRG的影响均达到了极显著水平。W3F3处理水分利用效率提高最为显著为41.53%，果实产量最高为7.02 t/hm2。W2F1处理的可溶性固形物最高为22.27%，W1F2处理可滴定酸最高为0.74%。W3F1处理可溶性糖最高为20.32%，W2F3处理糖酸比最大。W3F3处理花色苷含量最大为4.66 mg/g。随灌水和施肥量的增大，酿酒葡萄果皮总酚含量整体上呈降低趋势，W1F1处理总酚含量最大为71.53 mg/g。Vc含量与水肥耦合各处理存在显著正相关关系，W3F3处理最高为9.23 mg/g。【结论】在本试验条件下，W3F3处理葡萄植株生长、光合效率提高、葡萄产量和水分利用效率最高，还可显著提高葡萄含糖量，降低果实含酸量，提高果实Vc含量，有利于提高糖酸比，葡萄品质最佳。试验可为实际生产提供科学的理论支持和参考。 |
| 关键词: 水肥耦合;贺兰山东麓;滴灌;酿酒葡萄;品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield and Quality of Wine Grapes in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The eastern foot of Helan Mountain has a long light time and a large temperature difference between day and night. The climatic conditions are conducive to the growth of high-quality wine grapes. Gravel, poor ability to retain water and fertilizer, insufficient nutritional ingredients, especially lack of water resources, and unreasonable fertilization systems have gradually become a great constraint on the development of the wine grape industry in the region. The predecessors have carried out more research on the influence of different drip irrigation conditions on the physiological growth and quality of wine grapes, and proposed an irrigation system suitable for the eastern foot of Helan. There are few researches on the yield and quality of wine grapes under the coupling control of water and fertilizer in typical arid and semi-arid areas of Piedmont.【Objective】The effects of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on the yield and quality of wine grapes with drip irrigation was explored. 【Method】The 6a raw wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" was used as the test material, and carried out different water and fertilizer treatment field experiments in Hongsibao District of Ningxia. Three irrigation levels were set in the experiment: low water W1 (1500 m3/hm2), medium water W2 (3000 m3/hm2) and high water W3 (4500 m3/hm2). Three fertilization levels were set: low fat F1 (450 kg/ Hm2), Zhongfei F2 (840 kg/hm2) and high-fertilizer F3 (1050 kg/hm2), a total of 9 treatments, studied the effects of different water and fertilizer models on the growth, yield and quality of wine grapes. 【Result】Water-fertilizer coupling significantly promoted the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, fruit appearance and nutrient content of wine grapes. W3F3 treatment significantly promoted new growth, water and fertilizer coupling significantly promoted the increase of SPAD value, but the effect on NDVI value was not Significant. Fertilization treatment can promote the growth of fruit longitudinal diameter, but has no significant effect on fruit diameter growth. The fruit shape index of each treatment was between 0.99 and 1.05, and the effect of combined treatment on CIRG reached a very significant level. The highest water use efficiency of W3F3 treatment was 41.53%, and the highest fruit yield was 7.02 t/hm2. The soluble solids treated by W2F1 is up to 22.27%, and the highest titratable acid by W1F2 is 0.74%. The highest soluble sugar content in W3F1 treatment was 20.32%, and W2F3 treatment had the largest ratio of sugar to acid. The maximum anthocyanin content of W3F3 treatment was 4.66 mg/g. With the increase of irrigation and fertilization, the total phenolic content of wine grape peels decreased as a whole, and the total phenolic content of W1F1 treatment was 71.53 mg/g. There was a significant positive correlation between Vc content and water and fertilizer coupling treatment, and the highest W3F3 treatment was 9.23 mg/g. 【Conclusion】Under this test condition, W3F3?can?increase?grape?sugar?content,?reduce?fruit?acid?content,?and?increase?fruit?Vc?content?significantly,?which?is?conducive?to?improving?the?sugar-acid?ratio?and?grape?quality. This experiment can provide scientific theoretical support and reference for actual production. |
| Key words: Water and fertilizer coupling; Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain; drip irrigation; wine grapes; quality. |
