| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究鲜食甜玉米需水量、需水规律及节水灌溉制度，指导其科学合理灌溉。【方法】连续开展2 a鲜食甜玉米田间灌溉试验，以群众高产种植经验为试验处理，在试验小区内安装智墒和云智能气象站采集土壤墒情、气象数据。分析了甜玉米全生育期土壤水分动态变化规律；计算了甜玉米逐日需水量和作物系数，分析了其需水量规律；针对实际灌溉中存在的问题，对甜玉米灌溉过程中土壤含水率上下限进行了优化。【结果】甜玉米土壤水分变化主要集中在10～30 cm之间，根系最大吸水深度为50 cm；2016—2017年甜玉米全生育期需水量分别为197.7 mm和212.9 mm，平均需水强度分别为3.0 mm/d和3.1 mm/d；需水强度呈现抽雄吐丝期＞灌浆乳熟期＞拔节期＞苗期的规律；甜玉米作物系数苗期最小，抽雄吐丝期最大，2 a全生育期平均值分别为0.63和0.67；经过灌溉制度优化，甜玉米全生育期灌水4次，净灌溉用水量较实际分别减少31.87%和33.97%。【结论】甜玉米需水量较小，需水规律和普通玉米相似，农业生产中应根据降雨情况适时补充灌溉。 |
| 关键词: 关键词：甜玉米；需水量；需水规律；作物系数；灌溉制度 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:云南省科技计划项目；云南省水资源费项目 |
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| Study on Water consumption rule and Water Saving Irrigation System of Fresh Sweet Maize |
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zhanglei
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Yunnan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: In order to guiding scientific irrigation of sweet maize,the water requirement and water saving irrigation has been experimented. The experiment were based on high-yield growing experience and real-time monitoring in the moisture content and meteorological factors. The dynamic change of moisture content was analyzed. The water requirement,water consumption rule and kc of sweet maize were counted. The irrigation system has been optimized for real experiment water irrigation system. The result showed that the water requirement, daily water consumption in all growth period of sweet maize were 197.7 and 212.9mm, 3.0mm/d and 3.1mm/d from 2016 to 2017. There were differences of daily water consumption among different growth stages, and the daily consumption in tasselling stage was the highest and the seedling was the smallest. The average of crop coefficient were 0.63 and 0.67. The optimal irrigation time and period for sweet maize were designed. By optimum design ,The number of irrigation were four times and the net irrigation water use were reduced by 31.84% to 33.97% compared with the real experiment water irrigation system. The water requirement of sweet maize was low and water consumption rule was similar to cron ,appropriate irrigations at the growth stages was essential to maize production. |
| Key words: Keywords: sweet maize; water requirement ;water consumption rule; crop coefficient; irrigation system |
