| 引用本文: | 张克峰,马波,张大龙.山东省1966—2015年 降水量、潜在蒸散量与湿润指数的时空分布特征及其影响因素[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Kefeng,MA Bo,ZHANG Dalong.山东省1966—2015年 降水量、潜在蒸散量与湿润指数的时空分布特征及其影响因素[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 山东省1966—2015年 降水量、潜在蒸散量与湿润指数的时空分布特征及其影响因素 |
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张克峰1,2, 马波3, 张大龙4
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1.山东农业大学继续教育学院;2.济南市卧虎山水库管理处;3.济南市水政监察支队;4.山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析山东省降水量、潜在蒸散量和湿润指数的长期时空分布特征及其影响因素,为农业水资源管理与水土保持等提供数据支持与决策依据,【方法】基于山东省20个气象站1966~2015年的气象数据资料研究了年均降水量、潜在蒸散量和湿润指数的空间分布特征,并采用主成分分析和相关分析法研究了各指标与地理位置(经纬度)、海拔和相关气象因素的关系。在此基础上,由东南至西北选择日照、济南和陵县三个代表性站点分析了年降水量、潜在蒸散量和湿润指数近50年的时间变化特征及其影响因素的地域性差异。【结果】结果表明：山东省年均降水量自东南向西北减少而潜在蒸散量升高,年均湿润指数介于0.43~0.89之间,半干旱区和半湿润区面积分别占28.7%和71.3%；主成分分析表明,第一、二主成分主要与海拔、气温相关因子和相对湿度有关,可解释超过70%的环境因子变异,年均降水量的空间分布与海拔和气温相关性高,而年均潜在蒸散量主要受相对湿度的变化影响；1966~2015年间各站点年降水量和湿润指数与时间的相关性不显著,而年潜在蒸散量的变化趋势存在明显的地域性差异；在日照由于平均气温升高和风速降低,导致辐射项升高,年潜在蒸散量呈上升趋势,而在陵县由于相对湿度升高导致空气动力学项降低幅度超过辐射项升高幅度,导致年潜在蒸散量呈降低趋势。【结论】山东省降水量、潜在蒸散量和湿润指数的空间分布受地理位置、地形和环境因素的综合影响,近50年的时间变化特征及其影响因素具有显著的地域性差异。研究结果有助于分析和调节山东省水资源供需状况,实现水资源的可持续性管理。 |
| 关键词: 降水量;潜在蒸散量;湿润指数;农业水资源管理与水土保持 |
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| 分类号:：S162.1 |
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| Spatial-temporal Variations in Precipitation, Potential Evapotranspiration and Humidity Index and Their Influencing Factors During 1966 to 2015 in Shandong Province |
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ZHANG Kefeng1,2, MA Bo3, ZHANG Dalong4
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1.College of continuing education,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an;2.Administrative department of wohushan reservoir;3.Jinan water administration detachment;4.College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Analyze the long-term spatial-temporal patterns of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and humidity index in Shandong Province, thus providing the data support and decision basis for agricultural water resource management, soil and water conservation, etc. 【Method】Based on the meteorological data in 1966~2015 of 20 meteorological stations in Shandong Province, the spatial distributions of mean annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and humidity index were analyzed, and the relationships of these indicators with geographical position (latitude and longitude), elevation, and the related climatic factors were examined. Three typical stations from southeast to northwest were chosen to study the temporal variation in annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and humidity index as well as the regional difference in the influencing factors. 【Result】The mean annual precipitation decreased from southeast to northwest while mean annual potential evapotranspiration showed an opposite trend in Shandong Province; The mean annual humidity index ranged between 0.43~0.89, the semi-arid zone and semi-humid zone occupied 28.7% and 71.3% of the whole area of Shandong Province, respectively; According to the principle component analysis, Axis 1 and Axis 2 could explain over 70% of the variations in environmental variables, which correlated highly with elevation, temperature and relative humidity; The spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation correlated highly with elevation and temperature, and mean annual potential evapotranspiration was mainly affected by the distribution of relative humidity; During 1966~2015, annual precipitation and humidity index didn’t show significant temporal trend at the three typical stations, while there existed substantial differences in the temporal trend of annual potential evapotranspiration at different sites; At Rizhao, the aerodynamic term of potential evapotranspiration showed significant increasing trend due to the increase of temperature and decrease of wind speed, resulting in the increase of annual potential evapotranspiration. At Lingxian, the decline of radiation term exceeded the increase of aerodynamic term owing to the increase of relative humidity, therefore the annual potential evapotranspiration exhibited a decreasing trend.【Conclusion】The spatial distributions of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and humidity index were influenced by the integrated effect of geographic positions, topography and climatic factors, and the temporal variation in these indicators and their correlations with the climatic factors differed considerably at different sites in Shandong Province. These quantitative findings were helpful for analyzing and regulating the water supply and demand conditions to achieve the sustainable management of water resource. |
| Key words: Precipitation;Potential evapotranspiration;Humidity index;Agricultural water resource management and soil and water conservation |
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