| 引用本文: | 李丹,万书勤,康跃虎,等.滨海盐碱地微咸水滴灌水盐调控对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Dan,WAN Shuqin,KANG Yuehu,et al.滨海盐碱地微咸水滴灌水盐调控对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了研究滨海缺水地区在盐碱地上利用微咸水灌溉进行绿色农业生产的可行性和安全性。【方法】以番茄为研究对象，采用“滴灌水盐调控+垄作”模式，以深层地下淡水（0.7 dS/m）为对照，田间布置了4种不同电导率（3.2 dS/m、4.7 dS/m、6.2 dS/m、7.8 dS/m）的微咸水，研究微咸水灌溉对土壤剖面盐分分布和番茄生长、产量及品质性状等代表性指标的影响。【结果】结果表明：（1）利用3.2~7.8 dS/m的微咸水灌溉番茄，试验结束时整个土体的盐分并没有显著增加，而仅是在整个土体中进行了重新分布，在距离滴头0~10 cm远的0~60 cm深度范围存在一个明显的盐分淋洗区，盐分主要是被淋洗到70 cm深度以下和距离滴头20~40 cm远的垄坡和垄沟的表层（0~20 cm）。（2）随着灌溉*水电导率（ECi）的增加，LAI、地上部和地下部生物量先增加后减少，株高和茎粗有逐渐降低的趋势，且当ECi＞ 4.7 dS/m时，各生长指标较淡水处理显著降低；（3）不同处理番茄叶片中叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量差异不显著，但微咸水灌溉显著降低了番茄叶片中可溶性糖含量；（4）随着ECi的增加，番茄果实中可溶性固形物、还原糖、有机酸含量逐渐增多，而果实糖酸比逐渐降低；番茄的产量随着ECi的增加而降低，通过公式拟合发现，当ECi＞1.4 dS/m时，ECi每增加1 dS/m，番茄的产量降低9.7%。【结论】总体而言，在淡水紧缺的滨海半湿润地区，盐碱地上种植番茄可以利用电导率≤4.7 dS/m的微咸水进行灌溉，尽管相对于淡水灌溉，番茄的产量有所降低，但可以节省300 mm以上的淡水量，番茄的品质提高，并且整个土壤剖面盐分可以维持平衡。 |
| 关键词: 微咸水滴灌;生长指标;生理指标;果实品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6；S274.1 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Water-Salt Regulation on Tomato Growth and Quality under Drip Irrigation with Brackish Water in Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil |
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LI Dan, WAN Shuqin, KANG Yuehu, LI Xiaobin
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Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the feasibility and safety of green agricultural production under drip irrigation with brackish water in coastal saline-alkali soil. 【Method】 To research the effect of brackish water irrigation on tomato growth, yield, quality characteristics, and salinity distribution of the soil profile, we used 0.7 dS/m as a control check and conducted four tomato treatments with brackish water of different conductivity (3.2 dS/m, 4.7 dS/m, 6.2 dS/m, 7.8 dS/m). The tomatoes were subjected to saline drip irrigation and ridge cultivation using a water-salt regulation method. 【Result】 The results showed that (1) the salinity of the entire soil did not increase significantly, whereas the salinity of the soil profile was redistributed when tomatoes were irrigated with brackish water of 3.2 to 7.8 dS / m. There was an apparent salt leaching zone in the area 10 cm wide and 0 ~ 60 cm deep from the dripper. The salinity was mainly washed down to a depth of 70 cm and the surface of ridges and ditches (0-20 cm) that were 20-40 cm away from the dripper. (2) With the increase of irrigation water conductivity (ECi), LAI, fresh weight, and dry weight increase and then decreased, the plant height and stem thickness gradually decreased. Moreover, all indicators reduced significantly compared with 0.7 dS/m when the conductivity exceeds 4.7 dS/m. (3) No significant difference in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), carotenoid, and proline content in different treatments, while brackish water irrigation significantly reduced the content of soluble sugar in the leaves. (4) With the increase of conductivity, the content of soluble solids, reducing sugar, and organic acid in tomato fruit gradually increased, whereas the sugar-acid ratio and yield were the opposite. Besides, when ECi exceeds 1.4 dS/m, for every 1 ds/m increase of ECi, the yield decreased by approximately 9.7% employing formula fitting. 【Conclusion】 In summary, the brackish water irrigation with a conductivity of less than 4.7 dS/m can be used to irrigation in coastal saline-alkali soil where freshwater scarce. Although the yield was reduced, the water can be saved above 300 mm than freshwater irrigation and the quality of tomatoes was also improved, and maintaining the salt balance across the soil profile. |
| Key words: brackish water drip irrigation; growth indicator; physiological indicator; fruit quality |
